Borrowing, ultimately from language__Sanskrit. This comparison is remarkable for at least two reasons: 1) although it seems clearly to be a language__Sanskrit loan which acquired much of its attested distribution as a result of borrowing from language__Malay, it originally referred to animal (particularly snake) venom, a referent for which a native term would normally be expected, 2) the word is very widespread in the Philippines and both western and eastern Indonesia, and has acquired a variety of secondary meanings including that of general force or power, skill, knowledge and ability. In language__Malay and some other languages (e.g. language__Rembong) this abstraction and generalization of the original concrete nominal sense has gone even further, leading to the use of bisa as an auxiliary verb meaning 'can, be able'.
WMP | ||
Kapampangan | bísaʔ | want to |
Tagalog | bísaʔ | efficacy, potency; force |
Aklanon | bísa | effect, result |
Maranao | bisa | poison, venom |
Mansaka | bisaʔ | snake venom; stingray venom |
Tiruray | bisa | poisonous; a poison |
Acehnese | bisa | poison, venom (esp. of animals) |
Kenyah | bisa | poisonous |
Kelabit | bisaʔ | great, fantastic, terrific |
Sangir | bisa | venom; venomous |
Dairi-Pakpak Batak | em-bisa | strong |
bisa | force, power | |
Simalur | biso | poison, poisonous |
fisa | poison | |
ma-misa-e | to poison | |
Toba Batak | bisa | animal poison; also used of poisonous animals such as snakes, caterpillars, scorpions, insects, as well as the externally applied poison prepared by a shaman (in contrast with , which must be imbibed) |
Karo Batak | bisa | poison, poisonous (as a snake) |
Iban | bisa | strong, powerful, effective; poisonous (as a snake); fierce (as a hornet's sting) |
Malay | bisa | blood-poison; anything that gives a septic wound; venomous |
bisa | venomous; ability to do, can | |
Nias | bisa | be able to do something, know how to do |
Mongondow | mo-bisa | venomous |
bisa | power (both good and evil) | |
Gorontalo | bisa | animal venom |
Banggai | bisa | supernaturally powerful |
Bare'e | bisa | clever; very wealthy; possess secret power |
Rejang | bisey | insect bite, poison injected through a wound |
Buginese | bisa | proved by experience, tried |
bisa bisa | saintly, working miracles | |
Wolio | bisa | sorcerer, magician, healer, medicine man or woman; be efficacious, effective poison; poisonous |
Makassarese | bisa | have a powerful effect (as a medication) |
Malay (Jakarta) | bisa | venomous; ability to do, can |
Sundanese | bisa | can, able to, smart, knowledgeable, capable, experienced, have an understanding of, knowledgeable |
Old Javanese | biṣa | venomous |
a-wiṣa | poisonous | |
a-miṣa | be powerful?, be poisonous? | |
wiṣa | poison | |
ka-bisa-n | skill, ability | |
b-in-isa | skilled, skilful | |
Javanese | bisa | can, be able, know how to |
m-isa | to poison | |
wisa | poison, venom | |
Balinese | bisa | be able because one has knowledge or skill |
Sasak | be-bisa | all poisonous things |
bisa | poisonous | |
CMP | ||
Buruese | bisa-n | potency, strength (of a potient) |
bisa | potent (as magic, a weapon); can, may | |
Asilulu | bisa | can; poison, |
Rembong | bisa | can, able |
Bimanese | βisa | having magical power; clever |
Sika | bisa | wise, learned |
SHWNG | ||
Buli | bisa | venomous (as a snake) |