Given its meaning one would not expect this to be a loan distribution. However, three independent pieces of evidence show that the words in language__Tagalog, language__Ngaju Dayak, language__Malagasy and language__Javanese are almost certainly language__Malay loans. First, language__Tagalog shows -_Ɂ corresponding to __language__Malay__ final vowel. Second, the word is unknown in any language of the Philippines apart from __language__Tagalog__. Third, __language__PMP__ *_dalikan is a far better candidate for the meaning ‘trivet, three stones of the hearth’.
Zorc (1996) took the correspondence of final glottal stop in language__Tagalog to final glottal stop in language__Iban to be evidence for *-Ɂ, and so presumably would posit *tuŋkuɁ. However, as shown in Blust (2013; sect. 8.2.2.4), there are serious problems with the proposal that *-Ɂ existed in language__PAn, language__PMP, or any early Austronesian proto-language.
The agreement between language__Iban and language__Tagalog in this case appears instead to be entirely fortuitous: language__Iban added -Ɂ to many words that originally ended in a vowel (or, in some cases a -VC sequence that first monophthongized), and language__Tagalog acquired a final glottal stop in loanwords from language__Malay (mostly language__Brunei Malay). Many language__Malay loanwords entered the Philippines through a trading colony in Manila Bay, where language__Tagalog was spoken natively (Wolff 1976), and in the present case this loan evidently got no further.
Finally, language*dalikan__ ‘trivet’ is unquestionably native, and is found from the Batanes islands, to northern Sumatra, to southern Sulawesi, to the Mariana islands, to Timor in the Lesser Sundas, showing that a better candidate exists for this meaning. A loanword of this kind suggests that language__Malay contact with the Philippines was rather intimate rather than distant. Dempwolff (1938) reconstructed ‘Uraustronesisch’ *tuŋku ‘trivet’ (Dreifuss).
WMP | ||
Tagalog | tuŋkóʔ | tripod, three stones in an open fireplace roughly forming a kind of tripod to hold pots or other cooking containers |
Iban | tuŋkuʔ | trivet for cooking pot (originally three stones, or five for two pots, now iron tripod ring |
Malay | tuŋku dapur | hearthstone used for supporting a cooking pot (Malay cooking is done on three stones (for one pot) or five (for two), the fire burning in between |
batu tuŋku | hearthstone used for supporting a cooking pot (Malay cooking is done on three stones (for one pot) or five (for two), the fire burning in between | |
Ngaju Dayak | tuŋko | an iron frame, or just a mound of earth, or three sticks planted in the earth on which pots are set over the fire |
Javanese | tuŋku | brick fireplace with a grill for cooking things over a wood fire |
Malagasy | tukú-ana | a vessel on the fire with victuals in it |
túku | a trivet |