The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

Loans: trivet

Given its meaning one would not expect this to be a loan distribution. However, three independent pieces of evidence show that the words in language__Tagalog, language__Ngaju Dayak, language__Malagasy and language__Javanese are almost certainly language__Malay loans. First, language__Tagalog shows -_Ɂ corresponding to __language__Malay__ final vowel. Second, the word is unknown in any language of the Philippines apart from __language__Tagalog__. Third, __language__PMP__ *_dalikan is a far better candidate for the meaning ‘trivet, three stones of the hearth’.

Zorc (1996) took the correspondence of final glottal stop in language__Tagalog to final glottal stop in language__Iban to be evidence for *, and so presumably would posit *tuŋkuɁ. However, as shown in Blust (2013; sect. 8.2.2.4), there are serious problems with the proposal that * existed in language__PAn, language__PMP, or any early Austronesian proto-language.

The agreement between language__Iban and language__Tagalog in this case appears instead to be entirely fortuitous: language__Iban added to many words that originally ended in a vowel (or, in some cases a -VC sequence that first monophthongized), and language__Tagalog acquired a final glottal stop in loanwords from language__Malay (mostly language__Brunei Malay). Many language__Malay loanwords entered the Philippines through a trading colony in Manila Bay, where language__Tagalog was spoken natively (Wolff 1976), and in the present case this loan evidently got no further.

Finally, language*dalikan__ ‘trivet’ is unquestionably native, and is found from the Batanes islands, to northern Sumatra, to southern Sulawesi, to the Mariana islands, to Timor in the Lesser Sundas, showing that a better candidate exists for this meaning. A loanword of this kind suggests that language__Malay contact with the Philippines was rather intimate rather than distant. Dempwolff (1938) reconstructed ‘Uraustronesisch’ *tuŋku ‘trivet’ (Dreifuss).

WMP
Tagalog tuŋkóʔ tripod, three stones in an open fireplace roughly forming a kind of tripod to hold pots or other cooking containers
Iban tuŋkuʔ trivet for cooking pot (originally three stones, or five for two pots, now iron tripod ring
Malay tuŋku dapur hearthstone used for supporting a cooking pot (Malay cooking is done on three stones (for one pot) or five (for two), the fire burning in between
batu tuŋku hearthstone used for supporting a cooking pot (Malay cooking is done on three stones (for one pot) or five (for two), the fire burning in between
Ngaju Dayak tuŋko an iron frame, or just a mound of earth, or three sticks planted in the earth on which pots are set over the fire
Javanese tuŋku brick fireplace with a grill for cooking things over a wood fire
Malagasy tukú-ana a vessel on the fire with victuals in it
túku a trivet