The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
Value -an
- Language:
- Toba Batak
- Parameter:
- (in the second passive) the prefix or is placed before the nominal form. The prefix is always used when the active has the suffix : in the passive, this suffix is replaced by ... The passive verbal substantives with the suffix do not always have a corresponding verb with the suffix . Their meaning can also be derived from another verbal form. For example, I have never come across a , which would mean 'to eat out of (something), as an active corresponding to : 1. 'that which can be eaten out of' (e.g. a large leaf); 2. 'from which one usually eats (a plate or a dish); 3. 'that which has been eaten into (by a disease)' (referring to marks left on the limbs by, for example, an eruptive skin disease... Such derived substantives represent a place where that which the verb represents usually takes place, or must take place... The suffix , just as the suffix , can, moreover, not only refer to a plural, but also to the repeated occurrence of the thing represented by the verb, or to its occurring on and off, for example, can also mean where it is customary for someone to walk... The suffix seldom denotes a direct object, but an example is 'messenger who is sent', from . (repetition of the stem-word) is, however, far more often found...where such a word has not been taken from or , representing , also means a plural, or repetition, or frequency ... (The second kind of nominal verb) has the suffix . a. When verbs of this kind are derived from substantives, the suffix indicates place and the subject is, therefore, represented by this verb as being a place where what the stem-word means can be seen (e.g. 'to sweat' = the place where the sweat is; 'to be bothered by flies' = something where flies are to be found), b. when this kind of nominal verb is derived from a verb, the subject is other than the stem-word, i.e. a person who is affected by what the stem-word represents (e.g. 'be bored' : 'boring', c. the suffix further strengthens what is represented by the stem-word and the derived form then means 'taking place continually', or 'occurring extensively' (e.g. 'be very laden' : 'heavy'; d. these verbs also mean 'an acquiring of', or 'a losing of', as a state (e.g. 'having deaths, of someone whose soldiers have been slain'; e. when they are derived from a qualificative verb, these verbs have the accent on the suffix and indicate that the quality exists to a greater degree (e.g. 'to be richer' : 'rich', 'to be a more skillful ' ... Words ending in a vowel can insert an before the suffix (e.g. , from ) [b39665e573a6aa3307d2e16bbfb4ede0]
- References
- Warneck 1977