ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online

*aCas high, tall

PAN aCas high, tall ⇫ ¶

Form.
Puyuma (Tamalakaw)	a-Tas	high
	maka-Tas	on
Puyuma	maka-Tas	on
	a-Tas	high

PMP atas high, tall ⇫ ¶

WMP
Tagalog	taʔás	height; physical stature (esp. of human body); eminence, nobility
Jarai	ataih	far
Rhade	taih	distant, far
Aklanon	ka-táʔas	height, tallness
	táʔas	become taller, grow taller; raise, elevate
	pa-táʔas	let get taller, let grow
Hiligaynon	mag-táʔas	grow tall; raise, increase
	táʔas	tall
Cebuano	taʔás	long, tall, high; grow, appear long; add more length, height; do something in a long way; rise in temperature
	pa-taʔás	raise, lengthen, increase the length; upward
	ha-taʔás	very long; high
Mansaka	taʔas	locative, above, up
Tiruray	taʔah	long
Supan	ar-atas	high
Acehnese	ateuëh	up, above; high
Simalungun Batak	atas	above, on top
Sangir	ataseʔ	raise oneself up
Simalur	atae	high
Toba Batak	di-atas	above
	atas	above, on top
Iban	atas	upon, above, over, (of position) upper
Malay	atas	position over or above
Angkola-Mandailing Batak	atas	above, over
Tondano	atas	above
Mentawai	atā	tall, high
Ngaju Dayak	atas	on, upon (< *)
Lampung	atas	above
Madurese	attas	high; above
Sasak	ber-atas	go upward
	per-atas	raise, elevate (of terrain)
	atas	high; above
Sumbawanese	atas	above
Proto-Minahasan	atas	above, on top
CMP
Kambera	ata	long, tall; high
Rotinese	ata	the heavens, the top (of); above, on top of
OC
Marshallese	ej	formant in place names; upper; eastern
Woleaian	yeriule-yas	south-southeast
	-yas	up, upside
Puluwat	yáh	tall, high, upper, easterly
Chuukese	aas	upper part, top, summit; eastern side; above (vertically)
Kosraean	yat	eastern part of a village
Lakalai	g-o-ata	go up, ascend
	o-ata	above
	-ata	up
Motu	lata-lata	long, tall (intensive)
	lata	length; tall, long
	lata na-i	upon

PAN i aCas above, on top ⇫ ¶

Form.
Puyuma	i-Tas	up, above
Puyuma (Tamalakaw)	i-Tas	up, above

PMP i-atas above, on top ⇫ ¶

WMP
Malay	di-atas	above, upon
Bikol	mag-i-taʔás	lift, raise, hoist, elevate
	i-taʔás	above, over; upstairs

PWMP ma-atas tall, high ⇫ ¶

WMP
Tagalog	ma-taʔás	tall
Aklanon	ma-táʔas	tall, high
Toba Batak	m-atas ari	midday (lit. 'the sun is high/above')

PWMP maŋ-atas lift or raise up ⇫ ¶

WMP
Sangir	maŋ-ataseʔ	raise oneself up
Bahasa Indonesia	meŋ-atas	climb up, ascend

POC atas-ña its top ⇫ ¶

OC
Chuukese	asa-n	above him; its upper side
Motu	lata-na	the top
Mailu	ata-na	top; up

Reconstructions

PAN	aCas	high, tall
PMP	atas	high, tall
PAN	i aCas	above, on top
PMP	i-atas	above, on top
PWMP	ma-atas	tall, high
PWMP	maŋ-atas	lift or raise up
POC	atas-ña	its top

Note

Also Tboli tahaʔ ‘long, tall’, Simalur atas, aʔtaiʔ/ ‘high’, Selaru atat ‘high’, Gilbertese eta ‘top, upper, heavens (as opposed to the earth), the shore as opposed to the sea, the land; high’; eta-eta ‘very high’; i-eta above, ashore, over’. Although non-Formosan witnesses point consistently to *atas (with metathesis of the first vowel and consonant in PPh) the reconstruction of a PAn etymon is more problematic. Tsuchida (1983) identifies the Puyuma stem as -Tas, since e.g. i-Tas ‘up, above’ lacks an initial stem vowel. If this analysis is adopted, however, comparison of the Formosan and extra-Formosan material becomes difficult.

To explain the missing initial vowel in Puyuma -Tas we might posit a stem *Caqas which is prefixed both in Puyuma (Tamalakaw) a-Tas ‘high’, and in all MP languages. This hypothesis offers the minor advantage of deriving the Central Philippine forms without metathesis, but creates two more serious problems: 1) it forces us to assume an irregular loss of -H- with contraction of the resulting vowel sequence in Puyuma, and 2) it forces us to assume that all non-Formosan reflexes outside the central Philippines contain an independently reconstructible prefix or particle (presumably *qa ‘locative particle’) which has become fossilized. While this analysis may work for most reflexes in MP languages, it is not clear that the initial vowel in Puyuma (Tamalakaw) a-Tas ‘high’ has any connection with *Sa; the same must be said for the morphologically corresponding but probably convergent form Cebuano ha-taʔás ‘very long; high’. As a compromise, then, I assume that Puyuma (Tamalakaw) -Tas shows an irregular loss of the first syllable vowel. Finally, Ross (1988:276) reconstructs POc *qatas ‘summit, top’, but provides no supporting evidence for the initial consonant.