Itbayaten-ʔ- in aʔsa ‘one’, aʔpat (< *xepat) ‘four’, and aʔnam (< *enem) ‘six’ suggests that aʔsa may derive from a reduplicated form of *esa in which the reduplicating vowel was stereotypically *a (cf. Blust 1974, Yamada 1991). It is possible that a similar history underlies all forms that provide prima facie support for *asa.