ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online

*qatep roof, thatch

PMP qatep roof; thatch ⇫ ¶

WMP
Yami	atep	roof; after having finished with the frame-work of (the) main dwelling, people gather grass material for use in thatching (the) roof. While grass (Imperata cylindrica Beau. var. Koenigii Honda) is preferred, grass (Miscanthus japonicus Andr.) is occasionally used instead. Because grass is not plentiful enough close by the village, it is generally brought by boat from distant grassland, and the bundles of grass thus brought are dried on the sandy beach
Itbayaten	atep	roofing, roof
Isneg	atáp	roof, roofing
Itawis	atáp	roof
Bontok	ʔatə́p	a roof, specifically a roof thatched with cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica); make or repair the roof of a house or other shelter; thatching
Ifugaw	atóp	roof of a house, granary, hut, shed; after the ... roofers have covered the four ridges of the pyramidal roof with bundles of grass, they begin covering the lower part of the (trapezoidal shelf of reeds that is lashed to the rafters) with layers of canes that still have leaves ... they continue their covering operation using now bundled sheaves of grass (Imperata cylindrica). Each layer is laid a little higher than the one already laid and strongly lashed to the (pair of reed stalks) of the by means of horizontally laid canes called
Kankanaey	atép	roof, top; roofing
Ilongot (Kakiduge:n)	atɨp	roof
Casiguran Dumagat	atəp	roof; make a roof
Pangasinan	atép	roof
Ilokano	atép	roof. This term includes only the roofing, that is: cogon (Imperata cylindrica), nipa, corrugated iron, etc.; not: the rafters, etc.
Sambal (Tina)	atóp	roof
Sambal	atóp	roof
Kapampangan	atáp	peak of a roof
	pay-atáp	put on a roof
Tagalog	atíp	roof, roofing
Chamorro	atof higai	roof made of palm leaves
	atof	roof; put a roof on a house
	aft-e	to roof, cover with a roof
Hanunóo	ʔatúp	roofing thatch (there is no general term for 'roof' in Hanuno'o)
Tboli	ketef	roof
Kalamian Tagbanwa	katep	roof; nipa palm
Aklanon	atóp	roof
Inati	etep	thatch
Palawan Batak	ʔátep	roof
Cebuano	atúp	roof; paper covering for a kite
Subanen/Subanun	gatop	roof; roof of leaves, thatch
Maranao	atep	roof (made of grass = Imperata cylindrica)
Manobo (Western Bukidnon)	atep	roof, to roof a house
Palauan	ʔádo	roof
Kalagan	atɨp	roof
Mansaka	atup	roof. A compact roof is made with the laves of the (sago) palm
Tiruray	ʔatef	roof or roofing material
Talaud	atuppa	roof
Sangir	atuʔ	roof; roof thatch, made of half-overlapping sago fronds folded over a bamboo pole and attached to another pole
Iban	atap muloŋ	sago thatch (long-lasting)
	atap	thatch, roofing of any kind
	atap apoŋ	nipa thatch
	atap belian	ironwood shingles
Malay	atap sisek teŋgiliŋ	(of shingles); -- but specifically of thatch, made usually of (the commonest), (reputed the best), (a palm: Eugeissona tristis), (sugar palm: Arenga saccharifera), (a stemless thorny palm: Zalacca edulis), (a stemless thorny marsh-palm: Zalacca conferta), (fan-palm: Licuala spp.), (a tall fan-palm: Livistona cochinchinensis), (generic for wild giners and esp. for the local cardamom, in contrast to the imported cardamom), (sword grass: Imperata cylindrica)
	atap	roof; roofing-thatch
Tontemboan	atep	roof; thatch (of sago leaves sewn together)
Banjarese	hatap	roof; thatch for roofing
Mongondow	atop	roof, roof covering; to roof, cover over
Gorontalo	watopo	sword grass (Imperata cylindrica) bound into bundles of thatch
Balantak	atop	roof
Bare'e	ata	roof; thatch (sago, nipa, rattan)
Uma	ataʔ	roof
	pe-ataʔ	to roof
Mori	ato	roof; thatch
Rejang	ateup mbai	thatch made of leaves of sago palm
	atep	roof, roofing, thatch made of leaves of palm (Calamus casteneus)
Mandar	ateʔ	roof; thatch
Muna	ghato	roof
Makassarese	ataʔ	thatch
Sundanese	hatɨp	roof thatch made of tied bundles of sword grass (Imperata cylindrica) or other material suitable for thatching, but also used for tiles, etc.; roof
Old Javanese	hatep	roof, cover
Javanese	atep	thatched roof
Sasak	atep	roof; provide with a roof
Bikol	atóp	roof; thatch
Proto-Sangiric	atup	roof; thatch
CMP
Soboyo	ato	roof; thatch
Paulohi	ate	roof thatch made of palm leaves
Masiwang	yata	roof
Buruese	ate-t	sago thatch (refers to sago leaves, but only those that have been sewn into sheets of thatch)
Hitu	ateʔ	roof
Nusa Laut	aʔo-l	roof; thatch
Watubela	kataf	roof
Elat	atop	roof; thatch
Donggo	ati	roof; thatch
Bimanese	ati	sword grass: Imperata cylindrica
Sika	ata	roof
Li'o	ate	roof; thatch
SHWNG
Buli	fa-yatf-o	cover with thatch
	yataf	thatch, roof
Sawai	yotef	thatch
Minyaifuin	yataf	roof
Gimán	yotaf	roof; thatch
Waropen	aka	thatch
Irarutu	atif	thatch

POC qatop roof; thatch ⇫ ¶

OC
Hawaiian	ako	thatching; to thatch
Marshallese	aj	thatch (of pandanus leaves)
Woleaian	yas	roof, thatch, coconut-frond thatch; be roofed, have a roof
Puluwat	yóóh	thatch, thatch panel, roof of any kind
Chuukese	óós	prepared sheet of thatch; thatch shingle; any sheet of roofing material of any kind; roof (traditionally made of ivory palm leaves stitched to a reed one fathom long)
Pohnpeian	oahs	ivory nut palm: Coelococcus amicarum; roof, thatch
Mokilese	oaj	thatch; roof of thatch
Kapingamarangi	odo	roof a house by thatching
Gilbertese	ato	thatch made of coconut leaves
	ato-na	thatch a house with
	ati-ato	to weave thatch
Aua	aʔo	thatch
Sobei	ato-rau	thatch, roof
	ato rau	thatch, roof
Drehet	ak	roof; thatch
Kele	at	thatch
Bipi	kak	thatch
Lindrou	kak	thatch
Likum	ak	roof; thatch
Nauna	kat	thatch
Lou	kat	sago leaf
Wogeo	vato	roof; thatch
Tanga	atof	the leaf of the sago palm, principally used as roofing material
Selau	atowo	roof; thatch
Luangiua	ako	thatch
Teop	ino atovo	roof; thatch
Numbami	atawa	thatch, roof (made of sago leaf)
Bugotu	ato	sago palm; sago palm thatch
Lau	sao	sago palm; leaf of the palm as thatch
Tuvaluan	ato	thatch
	ato-lau	thatching needle
Kwaio	lao	sago palm (Metroxylon solomonensis); used for thatching
Nggela	ato	sago palm; thatch made from palm
'Āre'āre	rāo	the sago palm; its leaves are used for thatch
	tahana ni rāo	a fathom length of stitched leaf
	pau ni rāo	a length of stitched sago palm leaves
Sa'a	sao ni ʔaholo	kite made of sago palm leaves and used in fishing for (large garfish), the bait a spider's web
	sao	the sago palm, Sagus sp., four kinds known, the leaves used for thatch
Dobuan	ʔatoa	roof; thatch
Gapapaiwa	katova	roof; thatch
Bunama	ʔatoha	roofing material
Arosi	ao	sago palm; the leaves are used for thatching
Mailu	ato	roof; thatch
Saliba	gatoa	roof; thatch
Tubetube	kato-i	roof
Rennellese	ʔato	thatch; to thatch, as house or grave house
Samoan	ato	thatch, tie thatch to; repair, mend (a leak in the roof)
Tongan	ʔato	thatch; roof; be thatched, have a roof
Rarotongan	ato	to thatch or cover, as a roof with prepared leaves of the pandanus
Maori	ato	thatch
	atoh-ia	be thatched
Haununu	ao	sago palm (thatch used for roofing)

PWMP maŋ-qatep to thatch a roof, put thatch on a house ⇫ ¶

WMP
Kapampangan	man-atáp	put on a roof
Palauan	məŋ-ʔádo	to roof (a house)
Sangir	maŋ-atuʔ	cover with thatch, put on a roof
Malay	meŋ-atap	cover with thatch, put a roof on
Mandar	maŋ-ateʔ	put a roof on a house
Javanese	ŋ-atep	equip with a thatched roof

PWMP maR-qatep have a roof ⇫ ¶

WMP
Itbayaten	mi-atep	to roof
Isneg	max-atáp	to place the thatch
Malay	ber-atap	having a roof
Gorontalo	moh-etopo	cover with thatch, put a roof on
Bare'e	mo-ata	have a roof, be under a roof
Bikol	mag-atóp	to roof, to thatch

PWMP paŋ-qatep what is used to roof ⇫ ¶

WMP
Kapampangan	pan-atáp	put on a roof
Old Javanese	paŋ-hatep	covering

PWMP q<in>atep be thatched, be roofed ⇫ ¶

WMP
Bontok	ʔ<in>atə́p	a house style in which the roof is thatched
Palauan	ʔ-əl-ádo	condition of being thatched
Old Javanese	h-in-atep	cover with a roof

PWMP q<in>atep-an covered with thatch; place of thatching ⇫ ¶

WMP
Kapampangan	in-apt-an	place of thatching
Old Javanese	h-in-atep-an	put a roof on something

PWMP qatep-an cover with thatch; place of thatching ⇫ ¶

WMP
Itbayaten	atp-an	to roof, make the roof of a house
Isneg	atàp-ān	the place of the roof
Bontok	ʔatp-án	put a roof on
Tagalog	atp-án	place of thatching
Cebuano	apt-án	put a roof on
Palauan	ʔədó-ol	be thatched
Gorontalo	watop-alo	covered with thatch, roofed
Bikol	atop-án	to roof, to thatch

PWMP qatep-i fasten thatch to ⇫ ¶

WMP
Itbayaten	atep-i	imperative form of : roof it!
Buginese	atekk-i	fasten thatch to the rafters

Reconstructions

PMP	qatep	roof; thatch
POC	qatop	roof; thatch
PWMP	maŋ-qatep	to thatch a roof, put thatch…
PWMP	maR-qatep	have a roof
PWMP	paŋ-qatep	what is used to roof
PWMP	q<in>atep	be thatched, be roofed
PWMP	q<in>atep-an	covered with thatch; place of…
PWMP	qatep-an	cover with thatch; place of…
PWMP	qatep-i	fasten thatch to

Note

Also Kapampangan atúp ‘peak of a roof’, Karo Batak atap ‘roof thatch of leaves, as of the nipah, rumbia, etc.’, Tolai atĭp ‘to thatch by doubling the grass back’, Tolai etep ‘to thatch by doubling the grass back’, Tongan ato-ʔi ‘to thatch, put a roof on’. This widely distributed comparison is unreported in Taiwan, and although it is extremely common in the Philippines, it is replaced in Sama-Bajaw and in most of the languages of Borneo by reflexes of *sapaw. In Borneo reflexes of *qatep appear only in the Malayic languages, and in Sumatra reflexes of *qatep have been reported only from the Malayic languages and Rejang. It is likewise lacking in the Chamic languages and in Malagasy, but is otherwise very well attested throughout the Austronesian family. The glosses cited here suggest that the sword grass, Imperata cylindrica, was the favored roofing material in PMP, but as Austronesian speakers moved southward into a more tropical environment thatching was more commonly made of the fronds of palms, particularly of the nipa palm (Nipa fruticans) and sago palm (Metroxylon sagu) in Southeast Asia, and of the sago palm or pandanus in the insular Pacific.