The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

*tuqaS old, of people; primary forest, old forest

PAN tuqaS old, of people; primary forest, old forest ⇫

Form.
Thao mashi-tan-tuqash to be older than another person
tuq-tuqash parent-in-law; elders; senior in age, of people
tana-tuqash elders, ancestor, forefathers
mashi-tuqash elder sibling, father’s elder brother; elder person in general
tuqash primary forest, with large trees; wilderness
maki-tuqa-tuqash to be old (of people)
Bunun masi-tuhas elder sibling
Bunun (Isbukun) masi-tuhas elder sibling

PMP tuqah old, of people; mature, as fruit ⇫

WMP
Kapampangan tua old age
Jarai tha old
Rhade khua mature; ripe; old; master, owner, chief, official
anak khua firstborn, eldest child
bi khua to make mature, to ripen
Roglai (Northern) tuha old, of people
Moken toka parent-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM)
tuka ripe (of a coconut)
Palauan dəʔá-l its ripeness, its maturity
dúʔ state of ripeness or maturity (of a fruit)
Blaan tuʔah old, of people
Blaan (Koronadal) tuʔah old, of people
Ida'an Begak tuo old
Bisaya tuo old, of people
Bisaya (Limbang) tə-tuo older people, elders
Bisaya tə-tuo older people, elders
Kenyah tuʔa parents; elders
Melanau (Sarikei) tuʔəh stage in the ripening of fruits just before full ripeness
Melanau Dalat tuʔa ripe, of fruits
tuaʔ aunt, uncle (MB, MZ, FB, FZ)
Simalur tuʔa-tuʔa the elders
tuʔa old, grown up
mansi-tuʔa-tuʔa to be of the same age (as one another)
Toba Batak pa-tua-hon ama feed one’s father in his old age shortly before he dies
ma-nua-i make a pot ‘old’ (or hard) by putting bran in it and then firing it in high heat
amaŋ tua father’s older brother
sin-tua eldest; chief (leader)
na tua-tua old; elders
Karo Batak bapa tua father’s older brother
tua age; old age; true, genuine, original
Iban apai tuai an old man
tuai old, mature; leader, head, chief, senior
Malay tua age; matured; old; senior; deep (of coloring); free from alloy (of metals). In terms of relationship like it signifies that the person so described has a father’s position (i.e. he is an uncle), and more so in point of age: in other words, he is a father’s elder brother
Singhi Land Dayak tua damux parent-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM)
tua MyB, MyZ, FyB, FyZ
Basap tua old, of people
Banjarese tuha old
Mentawai tua ripe, of fruit
Ngaju Dayak kalan-toha overripe
Ba'amang tueʔ old
Uma tuʔa old woman or man; elders
Dusun Deyah tuo old
Tae' banua tua an old house; an old lineage house erected for the ancestors that remains a common possession of their descendants
tua old
Delang tuho old
Buginese toa old
Muna tugha hard; old, ripe (of fruit); invulnerable (of the skin), immune
Makassarese toa-ku my grandfather or grandmother
toaʔ grandfather, grandmother
Lampung holon tuha parents
tuha old
Sundanese paŋ-tuha-na the eldest
tuha old
Old Javanese tuha old age
tuha-gana constant, unremitting, sedulous (in doing or practicing)
t<in>uha veteran, experienced, leader
p<in>i-tuha to make old, put at the head of, consider as the elder
pa-nuha eldest
a-tuha old, elder, eldest, senior; “old at”, consummate, accomplished, experienced
Balinese tua old, aged; full-grown, adult
Proto-Chamic tuha old (people)
CMP
Asilulu tua eldest, among one’s parents’ siblings
Larike ntua old
Adonara tuʔu old (people)
Palu'e tuʔa old
Lamaholot tua old
Rembong tuʔa rana husband’s parents
tuʔa parent-in-law; old; hard (as kernels of corn, or seeds of Job’s tears)
tuʔa wina wife's parents
Manggarai toʔa mother’s brother; wife’s father or mother; brother’s son, brother’s daughter (in relation to the father’s sister); sister’s son, sister’s daughter (in relation to the mother’s brother); wife’s brother’s son or daughter (in relation to the father’s sister’s husband); husband’s sister’s son or daughter (in relation to the mother’s brother’s wife)
tuʔa old; age; adult, grown up; finished; dark, of colors; taller; leader; parents-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM, but in some dialects WF, WM only)
tuʔa ata rona mother’s brother
ata tuʔa parents
Bimanese tua old (of people and things)
Ngadha tua parents-in-law; affinal kin
tua ana fai daughter-in-law
tua ana xaki son-in-law
Tetun uaʔi tuak late or slow growth, of children
aman tuak grandfather, grand uncle ( = ‘father’)
Kambera ana tua older child, older brother or sister
tua old, older
Rotinese ka-tu-tua the spoiling of children (lit. ‘making big’)
tua-inak adult, of persons, male as well as female
SHWNG
Gimán tua old
OC
Molima tua- older same sex sibling
Maxbaxo marua uncle
Fijian tua a word used by children to their grandfathers

PWMP ka-tuqah surpassing in age (?) ⇫

WMP
Karo Batak ke-tua old age
Malay ke-tua elder; headman
Wolio ka-tuʔa hardness, ripeness
CMP
Tetun katuas a venerable old man (a respectful title); advanced in years, ancient (refers to animals and men only)

PAN ma-tuqaS old, of people ⇫

Form.
Amis ma-toʔas old, of people
Amis (Central) ma-toʔas old, of people

PMP ma-tuqah old, of people; very, extremely; to die, dead (euphemism) ⇫

WMP
Sambal (Botolan) ma-tuʔa old, of people
Sambal ma-tuʔa old, of people
Kapampangan ma-tua old, of people
Chamorro matua noble, magnanimous, lofty, highborn, person possessing high qualities; archaic form referring to higher class in pre-Spanish Chamorro society
Palauan mədúʔ strong, durable (of wood, metal); half-ripe (i.e., ready to pick)
Samal (Balangingi ) ma-toʔa parent-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM)
Bisaya (Limbang) mən-tuo old (of people and animals)
Bisaya mən-tuo old (of people and animals)
Melanau (Mukah) mətua parent-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM)
Melanau Dalat məntua parent-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM)
Simalur ma-tuʔa old, grown up, mature
Toba Batak si matua parents-in-law and their siblings (WF, WM, HF, HM)
mantua always; very
matua (be) old; sometimes used euphemistically for ‘dead’; always; very
Karo Batak per-tua the elders of a village
me-tua old; hard; ripe, of rice in the field; already deceased (said of children); mother-in-law (woman speaking?)
Iban mentua ~ entua parent-in-law
Malay mentua ~ mertua parent-in-law
Maloh matoa parent-in-law
Nias matua parent-in-law (man speaking), wife’s father, wife’s mother
Balantak mo-tuʔa old
Ba'amang man-tuhaʔ parent-in-law (WF, WM, HF, HM)
Uma mo-tuʔa old
Paku ma-tuʔeh old
Dusun Deyah ma-tuo MeB, FeB, MeZH, FeZH
Ma'anyan matueh old
Mori Bawah mo-taʔu old
Tae' ma-tua induk old as the sugar palm, which has a hard core; very old
ma-tua old
to ma-tua old as the sugar palm, which has a hard core; very old
Mandar ma-toa old
Tolaki mo-tuʔo old
Buginese ma-toa parents-in-law
Moronene mo-tuʔa old
Wolio ma-tuʔa hard, ripe, dark (of color)
Makassarese ma-toa village head in Buginese and Makasarese lands
Balinese nana matua father-in-law (WF, HF)
memen matua mother-in-law (WM, HM)
Sasak məntoaʔ parent-in-law
Malagasy andria-matoa the eldest son, a title of respect
Proto-Bungku-Tolaki mo-tuʔa old
Malagasy matoa the eldest son or daughter; it is used in the provinces to express the ripeness of fruit, etc.
CMP
Sula ma-tua old, of people
Alune mtua old
matua-ne old man
Asilulu matua very old, of huge trees, animals, etc.; too old, of tubers and fruits allowed to ripen too long; past one’s prime, of spinsters and old bachelors
Watubela m-tuka old
Kambera ma-tua old; grown up, adult; what follows the rule or is the norm; venerable, holy or sacred
Rotinese hala ma-tua a loud voice
tatao ma-tua an important work
hedi ma-tua a heavy, serious sickness
ai ma-tua a heavy, thick piece of wood; a thick post
ma-tua big, grown up
hala ma-tua a deep sound
Wakasihu in-tua old
SHWNG
Moor maʔú old

POC matuqa old, older person, elder; old stand forest ⇫

OC
Hawaiian mākua parents, etc. (plural of )
makua parent, any relative of the parents’ generation, as uncle, aunt, cousin; Catholic father; main stalk of a plant; adult; full-grown, mature, older, senior; fig., benefactor, provider, anyone who cares for one; the Lord
hoʔo-makua to grow into maturity; to mature; to act the part of a parent; to foster, adopt, as a child; to call or treat as a parent; to address as parent, aunt, or uncle, one related by affection rather than by blood or adoption; to become established or permanent
Nukuoro madua old (persons), mature, full-grown; parent, elder (senior relative)
Kapingamarangi madua old, mature, ripe (of breadfruit)
Tanga ma:tuk suksuk very old man or woman
ma:tuk fully developed adult male who has reached years of discretion, not an old man, not a youth; husband
Vitu matuha strong; ripe; ready
Lakalai matuha full grown
Lau maua full grown; ripe, of
moua full grown
Tuvaluan mātua old (of person, animal); mature, of fruit (plural referent)
matua old (of person, animal); mature, of fruit
Kilivila -matuva ripe
'Āre'āre maua unripe, of food
Sa'a mæua ripe, of yams
Bunama matuha mature, ripe; hard, strong
Arosi maua full grown
Tubetube matua ready to eat, ripe (as bananas)
Anuta matua husband; important, major, primary; adult, mature; ripe
ŋa maatuaa parents
Rennellese matuʔa husband, family head, landholder, worshipper, especially the priest-chief; to be or grow old; to be or become mature, as fruit fully formed but not ripe
matuʔa-ʔaki to act as head of household or a group of travellers
Rotuman mamfua plural of
mafua full-grown, of adult age; old, as opposed to young; to die (euphemistic); man appointed to act as spokesman for a district chief, to announce the kava, act as master of ceremonies, etc.
Toga meru-k mother’s brother
Mota matua-late ripe before the time
matua full-grown, ripe
ta-matua a full-grown person
Samoan mātua parents
faʔa-mātua-taŋata (be) elderly
matua (of fruit, etc.), be mature, but not fully ripe; (of people), (be) adult, grown up; (be) older, elder; (be) old; (of bush, forest) be dense, thick; age; parent
tuaʔā parent
mātua-oti orphan
matuā very, extremely, absolutely, quite, fully, completely; great, considerable
Futunan mātuʔa parents
matuʔa be old (singular); age; an old person (from about 40); king (in cards); ripe, mature; an elder person of importance
Nonona tua mother’s brother
Rano metuo- mother’s brother
Burmbar metua- mother’s brother
Vowa motua- mother’s brother
Wayan vaka-mātua-ni let something mature or ripen; to mature something; what matures
tata mātua (of a young child) be precocious in speech, advanced for his or her years
matua be mature, fully developed; thus 1. (of fruit, tubers, etc.) be ripe, mature, fit for eating or harvesting, 2. (of people, animals, plants) be full grown, grown up, mature, adult, 3. honest, honorable, upright
Fijian matua mature, ripe, fit for gathering or digging; of people who are getting on in years it is more usual to say ; as adverb, strongly, vigorously
Niue mo-motua old folk, elders
vao motua the original dense forest, virgin bush
matua tupuna grandparent
ma-matua parents
matua parent; relative of the same generation as one’s parents
motua old age; an old person
Tongan motuʔa old or elderly person, or elder; male person of any age (even a baby) when one is speaking in a derogatory way; parent, especially father; husband (derogatory for ); (of things or animals) old; or mature, fully developed; being old; preposed adjective: original, former, first
mā-tu-tuʔa (of persons) old; or mature, fully developed
motuʔa nima thumb (lit. ‘parent finger’)
Rarotongan matua ~ metua parent, elder; an expert, one who is skilled in any art or science; a master, as the navigator of a ship, etc.
Maori matua parent, and more especially father; division of an army, company; placenta; adult, grown up; main, chief, important
mātua parents; first; important, large, abundant; main body of an army
whaka-matua rest, pause, after an effort; keep steady, control
Filakara na-marua old
Pala matua mother’s brother
Tolai matua the relationship between a woman’s brothers and sisters and her children; nephew or niece; mother’s brother
Sesivi ne-mætu old

PWMP ka-tuqah-an adulthood, maturity; old age ⇫

WMP
Kapampangan ka-tua-n characteristics of old age and of adulthood
Karo Batak ke-tuā-n decrepit from old age; become old (?)
Old Javanese ka-tuha-n old age, relatively older age, being the elder

PWMP t<um>uqah (gloss uncertain) ⇫

WMP
Buginese t<om>oa parents
Old Javanese t<um>uha-tuhe to be the leader (in command) of

PAN tuqaS tuqaS older people, elders ⇫

Form.
Thao tuqa-tuqash older people

PMP tuqah tuqah older people, elders ⇫

WMP
Karo Batak tua-tua adults, married people; elders
Old Javanese tuha-tuha ancestor, elder

PAN ma-tuqaS tuqaS old, elder, senior ⇫

Form.
Thao ma-tuqa-tuqash old, elder
WMP
Old Javanese a-tuha-tuha old, elder, senior