Borrowing from language__Malay, ultimately from a Mon-Khmer source (Thurgood 1999:322). language__Kavalan has several loanwords from Philippine languages and from Spanish that date to the brief Spanish occupation of the Ilan basin from 1626-1642, during which time they came up from Manila in an attempt to expand their colonial holdings. The source of language__Fijian karavau remains unclear. Capell (1968:85) entertains two speculations: 1. “the name came from Vuda, where the people, seeing reddish cattle, called them after the cloth karavau”, 2. “probably Eng. caribou”. The second of these appears particularly improbable.
| Form. | ||
| Kavalan | qabaw | buffalo |
| WMP | ||
| Tagalog | kalabáw | water buffalo, carabao |
| Jarai | kəbəw | carabao, water buffalo |
| Toba Batak | horbo | buffalo |
| Malay | kərbaw | buffalo: Bos bubalus |
| Old Javanese | kəbo | water buffalo |
| Javanese | kebo-an | give rides to children on the back while crawling on hands and knees |
| ŋebo | to treat | |
| kebo | kerbau, water buffalo | |
| OC | ||
| Wayan | karavau | humpback ox (possbly from Tagalog , water buffalo). Used as beasts of burden in Viti Levu but only once introduced to Waya, without succcess. |
| Fijian | karavau | obsolute term for ox, bull or cow |