ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online

*baRani hero, war-leader; dare to do

PMP baRani hero, war-leader; dare to do ⇫ ¶

WMP
Kapampangan	bayáni	valiant, brave, strong
Tagalog	bayanih-án	mutual aid
	bayáni	(probably an early loan) hero; cooperation
Aklanon	baganíh-an	heroism, patriotism; heroes, patriots (collectively)
	bagáni	hero, patriot
Maranao	bagani-a	strong, vigorous, powerful
	bagani	vim, vigor, anger
Manobo (Ata)	bagani	warrior (a man whose status was enhanced in accordance with the number of killings he could lay claim to)
Mandaya	bagani	headman (an office requiring evidence of personal valor, fortitude, physical strength and charisma; to become a a man had to kill seven to nine men in battle)
Bagobo	bagani	brave men, warriors, a status of considerable prestige achieved by the taking of human life under culturally prescribed conditions
Sangir	bahani	brave, courageous, daring; wild (of animals)
Toba Batak	barani	bold, daring, courageous
Iban	berani	daring, bold, brave, confident, adventurous, foolhardy
Malay	berani	bravery; to dare; to venture
Maloh	rani	brave, courageous
Mongondow	bogani	leader, commander, champion, hero, war chief (in former times), someone who dares to undertake something
Gorontalo	buheli	brave; to dare
Banggai	balani	black magic
	barani	(Loan) brave, courageous, daring; war leader; dare to do something
Ngaju Dayak	hañi	courage, valor, daring
Bare'e	tau po-wani	a renowned person
	tali-wani	magical means to bestow courage on someone
	wani	give praise; boast
Tae'	barani	brave, daring, courageous
	paʔ-barani	hero, intrepid fighter, champion
Rejang	biney	brave, courageous; forward
Mandar	barani	brave; to dare
	to-barani	courageous person
Buginese	warani	brave
Makassarese	barani	brave, daring
	tu-barani	hero, champion
Lampung	bani	brave
Old Javanese	wāni	courage, bravery, valor, prowess; to dare, daring, courageous, brave, valiant
Balinese	bani	dare, to bold, venture
CMP
Rembong	rani	brave, angry; to attack, be angry with
Manggarai	rani	cruel, brave, powerful; to fight, attack
Ngadha	rani	brave, fearless; noble, exalted
Kambera	mbeni	brave, courageous, dare to do something; angry, malicious
Hawu	ɓani	dare; courageous, brave

POC paRane brave, bold ⇫ ¶

OC
Marshallese	peran	brave; courageous; bold; daring; heroic; undaunted; valiant; fearless
Roviana	tie varane	a brave man
	varane	brave, bold
Cheke Holo	frane	be brave, bold, not timid or afraid

PWMP ma-baRani brave, bold, daring ⇫ ¶

WMP
Maranao	ma-bagani	brave
Bagobo	magani	brave men, warriors, a status of considerable prestige achieved by the taking of human life under culturally prescribed conditions
Malagasy	ma-vany	contemptuous, audacious

Reconstructions

PMP	baRani	hero, war-leader; dare to do
POC	paRane	brave, bold
PWMP	ma-baRani	brave, bold, daring

Note

Also Ngadha bani ‘bold, daring, fearless; impudent; heroic; violent’. Dempwolff (1934-38) reconstructed *ba-Rani ‘fearless’, cross-referenced to *Rani ‘courage, manliness’. However, the latter form is based solely on Ngaju Dayak hañi (apparently a back-formation from **bahani, which was assumed to contain the common verb prefix ba-) and the arbitrarily segmented final portion of Fijian taŋ-ane, Futunan t-ane ‘man, male’. The optional Maloh form rani and the similar obligatory forms in Ngaju Dayak and several languages of the Lesser Sundas (Manggarai, Rembong, Ngadha) are assumed to be sporadic reductions of *baRanih.

In PWMP this term apparently referred in particular to a culturally prescribed hero whose status was defined by exploits in war, probably involving the taking of human life. In PMP only the more general meaning ‘brave, fearless; to dare’ can be justified. Finally, it is unclear from the isolated OC reflex which preserves a final vowel whether the sporadic change *-i > /e/ had already occurred in POc, or whether it took place at some time between the break-up of POc and the emergence of Roviana as a distinct language.