ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online

*Salas forest, wilderness, woods

PAN Salas forest, wilderness, woods ⇫ ¶

Form.
Puyuma (Tamalakaw)	ar-aras	forest
Puyuma	ar-aras	forest

PMP halas forest, wilderness, woods, jungle ⇫ ¶

WMP
Itbayaten	axas	forest-to-be
Ifugaw	ála	communal forest
Cebuano	bábuy-ŋ i-hálas	wild pigs
	i-hálas	of the jungle; ignorant; become wild, ignorant
Malay	alas	jungle, forest (used in Java)
Totoli	alas	jungle
Modang (Long Glat)	las	forest, jungle
Lawangan	alas	woods
Samihim	taun alah	woods
Tae'	alaʔ	bush, forest, jungle
Buginese	aleʔ	forest
	aleʔ aleʔ	bushes, weeds (as in an overgrown garden)
Makassarese	alasaʔ	forest, jungle
Makassarese (Salayar)	alasaʔ	forest, jungle
Madurese	alas alas	jungle
Old Javanese	alas	wood, forest; also: quantity of flowers or plants growing in a thick cluster
Javanese	alas	forest; jungle; non-irrigated agricultural land
Balinese	alas	uninhabited land, jungle, forest; desert, wilderness; wild
Malagasy	ala	a forest, a wood
CMP
Yamdena	alas	forest, jungle
Talur	alas	forest
Kisar	alha	forest, jungle
Selaru	alas	forest, jungle
Rembong	alas	forest, jungle
Bimanese	ara	forest, jungle
Tetun	alas	forest, woods, thicket of scrub
Kambera	alahu	dark woods
Wetan	ala	large forest, wilderness

PWMP ka-halas-an (gloss uncertain) ⇫ ¶

WMP
Itbayaten	ka-axas-an	forest, woods
Ifugaw	k-alláh-an	private forest
Binukid	k-alas-an	forest, jungle, woods
Maranao	k-alas-an	forest, woods
Old Javanese	k-ālas-an	overgrown by the forest

PWMP halas-an forested area, wilderness ⇫ ¶

WMP
Ifugaw	aláh-an	forested zone
Malay	oraŋ hutan alas-an	a forest dweller
Javanese	woŋ alas-an	forest-dweller; boor
	alas-an	uncultivated, uncivilized
Balinese	alas-an	wilderness, inaccessible wild area

PMP halas + "dark" primary forest, primeval jungle ⇫ ¶

WMP
Malagasy	ála maízina	dense forest (lit. 'dark forest')
CMP
Kambera	na alahu kapàtaŋu	impenetrable forest (lit. 'dark forest')

PWMP halas Raya primary forest, virgin jungle (lit. 'big forest') ⇫ ¶

WMP
Madurese	alas rajā	primeval forest; virgin jungle (lit. 'big forest')
Malagasy	ala be	a great or thick forest (lit. 'big forest')

Reconstructions

PAN	Salas	forest, wilderness, woods
PMP	halas	forest, wilderness, woods,…
PWMP	ka-halas-an	(gloss uncertain)
PWMP	halas-an	forested area, wilderness
PMP	halas + "dark"	primary forest, primeval…
PWMP	halas Raya	primary forest, virgin jungle…

Note

Also Lampung las ‘forest, jungle’, Ngadha kala ‘thicket, forest, jungle’. Dempwolff (1934-38) reconstructed both *halas (in the form *alas) and *quCaN (in the form *hutan) meaning ‘forest’. It is now clear, however, that PMP *halas was a general term for ‘forest, jungle’, while PMP *qutan (also PAn *quCaN?) referred to a particular category of flora which is perhaps best described by Brown's (1984) term ‘grerb’ (‘small plant relative to the plant inventory of a particular environment whose parts are chiefly herbaceous (green, leafy, nonwoody)’. It thus included various grasses, herbs, bushes and the like (some of which were useful and some not) which probably were conceptually united by their being noncultivated plants associated with the wilderness.