Form. | ||
Saisiyat | hapoy | fire |
Hoanya | dzapu | fire |
Thao | apuy | fire |
Pazeh | hapuy | fire |
hapwi | fire | |
Bunun | sapuđ | fire |
Kanakanabu | apúlu | fire |
Tsou | puzu | fire |
Siraya | apuy | fire |
Siraya (Gravius) | apuy | fire |
Puyuma (Tamalakaw) | apuy | fire |
Puyuma | apuy | fire |
Paiwan | sapuy | a fire; artificial light |
Proto-Rukai | apoy | fire |
Proto-Atayalic | hapu-niq | fire |
hapuy | fire | |
WMP | ||
Merap | pai̯ | fire |
SHWNG | ||
Buli | yap | fire |
Minyaifuin | yap | fire |
As | yap | fire |
Misool (Coast) | lap | fire |
Mayá | ꞌla¹²p | fire |
Arguni | yaf | fire |
Kowiai/Koiwai | laf | fire |
OC | ||
Hawaiian | ahi | fire, match, lightning; burn in a fire, destroy by fire |
Woleaian | yaf | fire, flame, blaze |
Chuukese | ááf | fire |
Pohnpeian | ahi | fire |
Mokilese | oai | fire |
Kosraean | e | fire |
Kapingamarangi | ahi | fire |
Gilbertese | ai | fire; (fig.) fervor, passion, ardor; get red, glow |
Seimat | ah | fire |
Kaniet | afi | fire |
Ponam | jaf | fire |
Sori | jap | fire |
Ahus | yah | fire |
Kele | yih | fire |
Likum | jeh | fire |
Tarpia | yap | fire |
Lihir | yeh | fire |
Tanga | if | fire |
Takuu | ahi | fire |
Gedaged | ya | fire, conflagration, combustion, ignition |
Luangiua | ahi | fire |
Gitua | yap | fire |
Adzera | zaf | fire |
Yabem | ja | fire |
Numbami | yawi | fire |
Sikaiana | ahi | fire |
Bwaidoga/Bwaidoka | ai | fire |
Motu | lahi | fire |
Anuta | api | fire |
Rennellese | ahi | fire |
Lehalurup | ep | fire |
Motlav | n-ep | fire |
Mota | av | fire |
Samoan | afi | fire; light (to light a fire with, i.e. smouldering stick etc.), brand |
Lakona | ev | fire |
Nokuku | ɔvi | fire |
Northeast Ambae | afi | fire |
Leviamp | n-ap̋ | fire |
Makatea | afi | fire |
Tongan | mata afi | fire (single fire, not fire in general) |
afi | fire (in general) | |
Rarotongan | aʔi | fire, light: that which burns or sheds a light or heat |
Maori | ahi | fire |
Merig | av | fire |
Arop | yai | fire |
Vatrata | n-ev | fire |
Wuvulu | afi | fire |
Peterara | avi | fire |
WMP | ||
Ifugaw | maN-apuy | set fire to; revive a fire |
Ifugaw (Batad) | maN-apuy | set fire to; revive a fire |
Pangasinan | maN-apoy | start a fire |
Kadazan Dusun | maŋ-apui | to spark, to sparkle |
Iban | ŋ-api | make a fire flare up; cook with a fire |
Malay | meŋ-api | make mischief (proverbial) |
Tontemboan | meŋ-api | spew out fire, of volcanoes |
Bare'e | meŋ-apu | begin to cook with a new fire |
Old Javanese | aŋ-apuy | be on fire, to flame, blaze; set on fire, inflame, burn |
aŋ-api | purify by fire | |
Bahasa Indonesia | meŋ-api | like fire, resembling fire, becoming fire |
WMP | ||
Toba Batak | maŋ-api-i | lay wood on the fire |
Old Javanese | aŋ-apuy-i | set fire to; inflame, rouse to anger |
Madurese | ŋ-apoy-e | apply fire to, heat with fire |
WMP | ||
Isneg | max-apúy | build a fire |
mag-apúy | cook rice | |
Casiguran Dumagat | meg-apoy | to collect firewood |
Ilokano | ag-apúy | cook rice |
Toba Batak | mar-api | have fire, be fiery |
Malay | ber-api | containing fire; producing fire |
Tae' | maʔ-api-api | play with fire |
Balinese | mah-api | be fiery, be on fire |
WMP | ||
Itbayaten | pa-hapoy-an | something with which you build a fire |
Tontemboan | pa-api-an | piece of firewood; what one uses to start a fire |
OC | ||
Hawaiian | wahie | fuel, firewood; to serve as firewood |
Woleaian | fafiy | firewood |
Gilbertese | aia | firewood, fuel |
Anuta | papie | firewood |
Samoan | fafie | firewood |
Tongan | fefie | firewood, fuel |
Rarotongan | vaʔie | firewood |
Maori | wahie | firewood |
Also Nukuoro lahhie ‘firewood’. Walsh and Biggs (1966) give Rarotongan vaʔie ‘firewood’, but this appears as vaie, with unexplained zero reflex for medial *f in their reported source (Savage 1962). Although the Oceanic forms can be regularly derived from PMP *pa-hapuy-an, and although POc preserved *api ‘fire’ it is unlikely that the morphological relationship between *api and *papian was apparent to speakers of POc, which had already undergone such a thorough morphological restructuring that many original morpheme boundaries were completely concealed from the average speaker. Except for the reported Maori variant fafia, all Polynesian reflexes show an irregular fronting of the final vowel, a change that presumably had already occurred in PPn, perhaps giving rise to doublets *fafie and *fafia.
WMP | ||
Ifugaw | paN-apuy | what is used to make a fire |
Ifugaw (Batad) | paN-apuy | what is used to make a fire |
Old Javanese | paŋ-apuy | set on fire |
WMP | ||
Maranao | pag-apoi-an | fireplace |
Toba Batak | par-api-an | hearth, fireplace |
Malay | per-api-an | fireplace, hearth |
Javanese | pr-apè-n | fireplace; place for an open fire, e.g. a blacksmith's forge |
WMP | ||
Ifugaw | um-apuy | that with which something is burned, i.e. a fire |
Ifugaw (Batad) | um-apuy | that with which something is burned, i.e. a fire |
Casiguran Dumagat | um-apoy | start a fire |
WMP | ||
Ifugaw | apuy-an | that burned, as wood; that revived, i.e. coals |
Ifugaw (Batad) | apuy-an | that burned, as wood; that revived, i.e. coals |
Tagalog | ápuy-an | stove, fireplace; matchbox, tinderbox; lighter |
Melanau (Mukah) | puy-an | hearth |
Tontemboan | api-an | bring fire to, apply fire to |
WMP | ||
Karo Batak | api api | firefly |
Seko | ampi-api | firefly |
WMP | ||
Toba Batak | api api | tree with reddish wood that yields good timber |
Karo Batak | api api | tree sp. |
Iban | api | a tree: Calophyllum obliquinervium Merr. |
Malay | api api | a mangrove-class (Loranthaceae); Avicenna sp., esp. Avicenna officinalis, very bright-colored, almost fiery amid darker neighbors |
Nias | afiʔafi | kind of wood |
Bare'e | api | tree sp. |
Makassarese | api api | tree that grows on swampy ground and riverbanks, used as firewood |
Sasak | api api | plant with dark red flowers and finger-shaped leaves |
Malagasy (Sakalava) | afi-afy | a tree |
Malagasy | afi-afy | a tree |