The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

*Sapuy fire

PAN Sapuy fire

Form.
Saisiyat hapoy fire
Hoanya dzapu fire
Thao apuy fire
Pazeh hapuy fire
hapwi fire
Bunun sapuđ fire
Kanakanabu apúlu fire
Tsou puzu fire
Siraya apuy fire
Siraya (Gravius) apuy fire
Puyuma (Tamalakaw) apuy fire
Puyuma apuy fire
Paiwan sapuy a fire; artificial light
Proto-Rukai apoy fire
Proto-Atayalic hapu-niq fire
hapuy fire
WMP
Merap pai̯ fire

PMP hapuy fire

WMP
Itbayaten hapoy fire
Tsat puy³³ fire
Isneg apúy fire
Malaweg apúy fire
Itawis afí fire, light
Kalinga (Guinaang) apúy fire
Kalinga apúy fire
Bontok ʔapúy fire
Ifugaw apúy fire
apúy set fire to something, revive a fire from coals
Ifugaw (Batad) apúy set fire to something, revive a fire from coals
Casiguran Dumagat apóy fire, firewood
Pangasinan apóy fire; start a fire
Ilokano apúy fire
Sambal (Tina) apóy fire
Ayta Abellan apoy fire
Sambal apóy fire
Tagalog apóy fire, flame
Chamorro guafi fire, combustion, conflagration, burning mass of material; to anger, to vex
Hanunóo ʔapúy fire
Roglai (Northern) apuy fire
Tboli ofi fire
Moken apuy fire
Palawan Batak ʔapóy fire
Molbog apuy fire
Maranao apoy fire; work rapidly like fire; stimulate one to fever pitch
Manobo (Ata) hapuy fire
Manobo (Western Bukidnon) hapuy fire
Palauan ŋáu fire
ŋuí-l labor pains
Klata opuy fire
Maguindanao ápuy fire
Tiruray ʔafey fire
Dumpas apuy fire
Kadazan Dusun t-apuy fire
Tatana apuy fire
Kujau tapuy fire
Minokok tapuy fire
Murut (Paluan) apuy fire
Lun Dayeh apuy fire
Lun Dayeh (Long Semado) apuy fire
Tabun apoy fire
Acehnese apuy fire
Abai Sembuak afuy fire
Kayan (Long Atip) apuy fire
Kenyah apuy fire
Kelabit apuy fire
Kejaman apuy fire
Lahanan apuy fire
Melanau (Matu) apuy fire
Melanau Dalat (Kampung Teh) apuy fire
Melanau Dalat apuy fire
Melanau (Mukah) apuy fire
Simalur axoe fire
Toba Batak api fire
Bekatan apoy fire
Karo Batak api fire
Iban api fire, light, lamp, spark
Kanowit apoy fire
Malay api fire; flame; light (of lighthouse); fiery
Singhi Land Dayak opuy fire
Tonsea api fire
Maloh api fire
Bukat apuy fire
Tontemboan api fire
Totoli api fire
Bidayuh (Bukar-Sadong) apuy fire
Ampibabo-Lauje api fire
Kayan apuy fire
apuy fire, a light
Petapa Taje api fire
Balantak apu fire
Mentawai api fire
Dusun Witu apuy fire
Ngaju Dayak apuy fire
Bare'e apu fire
Paku apuy fire
Ma'anyan apuy fire
Mori Atas apui fire
Tae' api fire
Koroni api fire
Bungku api fire
Mandar api fire
Murik api fire
Moronene api fire
Makassarese api fire
Lampung apuy fire
Popalia api fire
Sundanese apuy fire (archaic)
Old Javanese apuy fire
apwi fire
Madurese apoy fire
Javanese api steam; warm oneself by the fire
Bonerate api fire
Balinese api fire
Sasak api fire
Proto-South Sulawesi api fire
Proto-Chamic apuy fire
Proto-Minahasan api fire
Malagasy afo fire; calamity (fig.)
CMP
Boano₂ au fire
Batu Merah aow fire
Paulohi afu fire
Bonfia yāf fire
Teluti yafo fire
Manipa au fire
Hitu au fire
Seit au fire
Asilulu au fire
Laha au fire
Amblau afu fire
Watubela afi fire
Elat au fire
Kola ef fire
Kei yaf fire
Gah aif fire
East Damar ai fire
Fordata yafu fire
Erai ai fire
Selaru ai fire
Luang ai fire
Adonara ape fire
Manggarai api fire
Bimanese afi fire
Riung api fire
Komodo api fire
Sika api fire
Li'o api fire
Ngadha api fire; burn
Keo api fire
Tetun ahi fire
Vaikenu ai fire
Waiyewa api fire
Anakalangu api fire
Kodi api fire
Kambera epi fire
Helong ai fire
Hawu ài fire
Dhao/Ndao ai fire
Moa ai fire
Wetan ai fire (used in compounds only)
Proto-Ambon apu fire
Morella aow fire

PEMP api fire

SHWNG
Buli yap fire
Minyaifuin yap fire
As yap fire
Misool (Coast) lap fire
Mayá ꞌla¹²p fire
Arguni yaf fire
Kowiai/Koiwai laf fire

POC api fire

OC
Hawaiian ahi fire, match, lightning; burn in a fire, destroy by fire
Woleaian yaf fire, flame, blaze
Chuukese ááf fire
Pohnpeian ahi fire
Mokilese oai fire
Kosraean e fire
Kapingamarangi ahi fire
Gilbertese ai fire; (fig.) fervor, passion, ardor; get red, glow
Seimat ah fire
Kaniet afi fire
Ponam jaf fire
Sori jap fire
Ahus yah fire
Kele yih fire
Likum jeh fire
Tarpia yap fire
Lihir yeh fire
Tanga if fire
Takuu ahi fire
Gedaged ya fire, conflagration, combustion, ignition
Luangiua ahi fire
Gitua yap fire
Adzera zaf fire
Yabem ja fire
Numbami yawi fire
Sikaiana ahi fire
Bwaidoga/Bwaidoka ai fire
Motu lahi fire
Anuta api fire
Rennellese ahi fire
Lehalurup ep fire
Motlav n-ep fire
Mota av fire
Samoan afi fire; light (to light a fire with, i.e. smouldering stick etc.), brand
Lakona ev fire
Nokuku ɔvi fire
Northeast Ambae afi fire
Leviamp n-ap̋ fire
Makatea afi fire
Tongan mata afi fire (single fire, not fire in general)
afi fire (in general)
Rarotongan aʔi fire, light: that which burns or sheds a light or heat
Maori ahi fire
Merig av fire
Arop yai fire
Vatrata n-ev fire
Wuvulu afi fire
Peterara avi fire

PWMP ma-hapuy fiery, on fire

WMP
Tagalog ma-apóy fiery
Acehnese meu-ʔapuy burning, sending off sparks
Tontemboan ma-api catch flame, burn; warm oneself by a fire

PWMP maŋ-hapuy set on fire

WMP
Ifugaw maN-apuy set fire to; revive a fire
Ifugaw (Batad) maN-apuy set fire to; revive a fire
Pangasinan maN-apoy start a fire
Kadazan Dusun maŋ-apui to spark, to sparkle
Iban ŋ-api make a fire flare up; cook with a fire
Malay meŋ-api make mischief (proverbial)
Tontemboan meŋ-api spew out fire, of volcanoes
Bare'e meŋ-apu begin to cook with a new fire
Old Javanese aŋ-apuy be on fire, to flame, blaze; set on fire, inflame, burn
aŋ-api purify by fire
Bahasa Indonesia meŋ-api like fire, resembling fire, becoming fire

PWMP maŋ-hapuy-i apply fire to

WMP
Toba Batak maŋ-api-i lay wood on the fire
Old Javanese aŋ-apuy-i set fire to; inflame, rouse to anger
Madurese ŋ-apoy-e apply fire to, heat with fire

PWMP maR-hapuy build a fire

WMP
Isneg max-apúy build a fire
mag-apúy cook rice
Casiguran Dumagat meg-apoy to collect firewood
Ilokano ag-apúy cook rice
Toba Batak mar-api have fire, be fiery
Malay ber-api containing fire; producing fire
Tae' maʔ-api-api play with fire
Balinese mah-api be fiery, be on fire

PMP pa-hapuy-an firewood, what is used to make a fire

WMP
Itbayaten pa-hapoy-an something with which you build a fire
Tontemboan pa-api-an piece of firewood; what one uses to start a fire

POC papian firewood, what is used to make a fire

OC
Hawaiian wahie fuel, firewood; to serve as firewood
Woleaian fafiy firewood
Gilbertese aia firewood, fuel
Anuta papie firewood
Samoan fafie firewood
Tongan fefie firewood, fuel
Rarotongan vaʔie firewood
Maori wahie firewood

Also Nukuoro lahhie ‘firewood’. Walsh and Biggs (1966) give Rarotongan vaʔie ‘firewood’, but this appears as vaie, with unexplained zero reflex for medial *f in their reported source (Savage 1962). Although the Oceanic forms can be regularly derived from PMP *pa-hapuy-an, and although POc preserved *api ‘fire’ it is unlikely that the morphological relationship between *api and *papian was apparent to speakers of POc, which had already undergone such a thorough morphological restructuring that many original morpheme boundaries were completely concealed from the average speaker. Except for the reported Maori variant fafia, all Polynesian reflexes show an irregular fronting of the final vowel, a change that presumably had already occurred in PPn, perhaps giving rise to doublets *fafie and *fafia.

PWMP paŋ-hapuy (gloss uncertain)

WMP
Ifugaw paN-apuy what is used to make a fire
Ifugaw (Batad) paN-apuy what is used to make a fire
Old Javanese paŋ-apuy set on fire

PWMP paR-hapuy-an fireplace, hearth

WMP
Maranao pag-apoi-an fireplace
Toba Batak par-api-an hearth, fireplace
Malay per-api-an fireplace, hearth
Javanese pr-apè-n fireplace; place for an open fire, e.g. a blacksmith's forge

PWMP h<in>apuy (gloss uncertain)

WMP
Isneg in-apúy cooked rice
Ilokano in-apúy cooked rice
Old Javanese in-api be on fire
in-apuy be on fire

PAN S<um>apuy (gloss uncertain)

Form.
Paiwan s-m-apuy carry a torch or light

PMP h<um>apuy (gloss uncertain)

WMP
Ifugaw um-apuy that with which something is burned, i.e. a fire
Ifugaw (Batad) um-apuy that with which something is burned, i.e. a fire
Casiguran Dumagat um-apoy start a fire

PWMP hapuy-an fireplace, hearth

WMP
Ifugaw apuy-an that burned, as wood; that revived, i.e. coals
Ifugaw (Batad) apuy-an that burned, as wood; that revived, i.e. coals
Tagalog ápuy-an stove, fireplace; matchbox, tinderbox; lighter
Melanau (Mukah) puy-an hearth
Tontemboan api-an bring fire to, apply fire to

PWMP hapuy hapuy₁ firefly

WMP
Karo Batak api api firefly
Seko ampi-api firefly

PWMP hapuy hapuy₂ tree sp.

WMP
Toba Batak api api tree with reddish wood that yields good timber
Karo Batak api api tree sp.
Iban api a tree: Calophyllum obliquinervium Merr.
Malay api api a mangrove-class (Loranthaceae); Avicenna sp., esp. Avicenna officinalis, very bright-colored, almost fiery amid darker neighbors
Nias afiʔafi kind of wood
Bare'e api tree sp.
Makassarese api api tree that grows on swampy ground and riverbanks, used as firewood
Sasak api api plant with dark red flowers and finger-shaped leaves
Malagasy (Sakalava) afi-afy a tree
Malagasy afi-afy a tree