ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online

*takut fear

PAN takut fear ⇫ ¶

Form.
Siraya	takot	fear
WMP
Ifugaw	tákut	fear; to fear; to frighten somebody
Ibaloy	takot	fear for one’s bodily safety
Pangasinan	an-takot	shy, timid
	takót	fear
Kapampangan	maka-tákut	frightening
	tákut	fear
Tagalog	takót na takót	very frightened; panic-stricken; demoralized by fear
	takót	afraid, frightened, feeling fear; nervous, timid, tremulous
	tákot	fear
Palauan	dákt	fear, awe
Lun Dayeh	ŋe-toot	to scare or frighten someone
	toot	fear, fright
Kenyah	takut	afraid
Kelabit	taʔut	fear
Merap	takawkʷ	afraid; fear
Sangir	takuʔ	fear, dread
Kayan (Uma Juman)	takut	fear; afraid
Simalur	mana-taʔud	to frighten
	taʔut-i	to frighten
Toba Batak	tahut	fear, fright; dread; anxiety
Malay	takut	fear
Basap	takut	afraid
Kayan	takut	fear; afraid
	takut	be afraid of, in fear of; be frightened by
Banggai	maŋa-takut	to frighten
	takut	fear
Paku	takut	afraid
Tae'	takuʔ	to fear
Murik	takut	fear; afraid
Old Javanese	pi-takut	scarecrow
	takut	fear
Balinese	takut	fear; to fear, be afraid of
Sasak	takut	be afraid
Bikol	tákot	fear
Kenyah (Long Ikang)	takut	afraid
Malagasy	táhotra	fear, dread, horror, terror
CMP
Solorese	takut	fear, be afraid
Lamaholot	takut	be afraid
Waima'a	thaku	fear
Bimanese	dahu	fear; afraid
Komodo	n-dahuʔ	afraid
Keo	taku	fear

PMP ka-takut (gloss uncertain) ⇫ ¶

WMP
Tagalog	ka-tákut-tákot	terrible, terrifying
Palauan	kə-dákt	be afraid of each other
Tae'	ka-takuʔ	be afraid of something
Old Javanese	ka-takut	fear; object of fear
CMP
Bimanese	ka-dahu	to frighten

Bimanese ka-dahu may reflect *paka-takut, and it is possible that the prefixed element in the other forms cited together here actually has disparate sources.

PAN ma-takut fearful, afraid ⇫ ¶

Form.
Siraya	ma-takot	fear
WMP
Ibaloy	ma-tekot	inclined to fear, fearful
Pangasinan	ma-takót	afraid
Kapampangan	ma-tákut	afraid
Tagalog	ma-tákot	afraid, scared; apprehensive, worried or anxious
Palauan	mə-dákt	to fear, be afraid of
Lun Dayeh	me-toot	afraid, have fear
Kelabit	me-taʔut	to frighten, make afraid
Sangir	ma-ma-takuʔ	to frighten
	ma-takuʔ	to fear, be afraid
Simalur	ma-taʔud	anxious, afraid
Toba Batak	ma-tahut	to fear, be afraid
Banggai	ma-takut	afraid, be afraid
Tae'	ma-takuʔ	afraid, frightened
Malagasy	ma-táhotra	to dread, fear, be afraid
Bikol	ma-tákot	to be afraid, frightened, jittery, nervous, panicky, scared
CMP
Soboyo	mantaku	to fear, be afraid
Masiwang	mtait	fear
Asilulu	mataʔu	to fear, be afraid
Watubela	ma-takut	to fear, be afraid
Leti	mtatu	to fear, be afraid
Bimanese	dahu	to fear, be afraid
Galoli	amdauk	fear
Kambera	mandauta	to fear, be afraid of
Hawu	medaʔu	to fear, be afraid
Wakasihu	in-taʔu	fear
Wetan	mtaata	to be afraid of
SHWNG
Minyaifuin	mtait	fear; afraid
Numfor	mkāk	to fear, be afraid
Ambai	matai	fear
Biga	mtat	to fear

POC matakut fear; fearful, afraid ⇫ ¶

OC
Hawaiian	makaʔu	fear; frightened, afraid
Yapese	daguw	fear
Woleaian	metag	to be afraid, scared of
Puluwat	mehak	to be afraid; to be fearsome
Chuukese	mésék	to be afraid
Pohnpeian	masak	be afraid of, to fear
Nukuoro	madagu-aŋa	fear
	madagu	afraid, scared
	madagu-dagu	cowardly (concerning others or supernaturals)
Kapingamarangi	madagu-dagu	fear, be afraid
	madagu	fear, be afraid; be shy; shyness
Gilbertese	maaku	fear, dread, terror, fright, dismay
Seimat	ma-mata	afraid
Mussau	ma-matautu	afraid
Marau₂	maʔu	fear
Selau	matut	afraid, frightened
	asana a mat-matut	person who takes fright easily; coward
Amara	motou	fear
Lakalai	matau	afraid
Mbula	moto	be afraid, fear
	pa-moto	frighten someone
Gitua	mataguzi ~ mataguza	to fear, be afraid
Roviana	matagutu	afraid, fearful
Eddystone/Mandegusu	matatu	to fear, be afraid
Bugotu	matagu	to fear, be afraid
Lau	mou-tai	afraid, afraid of
	mou	to fear, be afraid
Tuvaluan	mataku	afraid
Pokau	makau	to fear, be afraid
Kwaio	maʔu-nia	be afraid of
	maʔu	afraid; shy
	faʔa-maʔu-a	to frighten
Nggela	matagu-ni	to be afraid of
	matagu	to fear, be afraid
	matagu-pou	a coward
'Āre'āre	maʔu	to be afraid
	maʔu-nia	to fear, be afraid of
Molima	matauta	afraid
Sa'a	mäʔu-ta-	the fear of (something)
	mäʔu	to fear, be afraid
Dobuan	matauta	afraid
Bunama	matauta	to fear
Tawala	matouta	to fear, be frightened
Saliba	mataus-i	to fear
Tubetube	mataus-i	state of being afraid
Anuta	mataku	to be afraid, frightened; fear
Rennellese	mataku-tia	to be dangerous, feared
	mataku	to be afraid, cowardly; to fear
	mataku-taku	to be afraid, cowardly
Mota	matagut	be afraid of
	matag-tag	to fear (rare, but true word)
Samoan	mataʔu	to fear, hold in awe
	mataʔu-tia	be dreadful, awful; be terrible, fearful
Northeast Ambae	mataku	fear
Raga	mataxu	fear
Apma	mtaci	afraid
Avava	matak	afraid
Nasarian	i-metaktak	fear
Axamb	me-rax	to fear, be afraid
Wayan	mata-mataku	be always afraid, timid, cowardly
	mataku	be afraid, frightened, fearful; fear, fright
	mataku-ci	fear something, be afraid or frightened of something
Niue	mataku-taku	fear (n.); to fear, be nervous
	mataku-taku-ina	feared, dreaded; frightened
	mataku	to fear, be afraid
Anejom	e-mtaγ	fear
Rarotongan	mataku	fear, dread, terror; afraid, timid, struck with fear; undecided; to be afraid, timid or doubtful
	mataku-taku	to be in the state or condition of being afraid, timid; to entertain fear; to be possessed of forebodings; to hesitate
Maori	mataku-ria	be feared
	mataku	to be afraid; fearful, afraid; inspiring fear; incompatible; averse
Nakanamanga	mataku	fear
Wuvulu	maʔau	afraid

PWMP ma-nakut (gloss uncertain) ⇫ ¶

WMP
Tagalog	ma-nákot	to scare people, to intimidate, to threaten with harm
Malay	me-nakut	be in a state of fear

PMP pa-takut to frighten, make afraid ⇫ ¶

WMP
Kelabit	pe-taʔut	to frighten, make afraid
Sasak	pe-takut	causing fear, arousing fear
SHWNG
Numfor	fa-kak	to frighten

This form of the causative prefix with *takut is clearly in competition with the causative of stative verbs, *paka-. It is possible that the Kelabit and Sasak forms given here are historically secondary reformations from *paka-takut.

PMP paka-takut to frighten, cause to fear ⇫ ¶

WMP
Sangir	ma-paka-takuʔ	to frighten, incite fear
Tae'	paka-takuʔ	to frighten
Malagasy	faha-tahor-ana	fear, dread
CMP
Soboyo	paka-taku	frightened
OC
Hawaiian	hoʔo-makaʔu	to frighten, scare, terrify, make afraid; to pretend fear
Tuvaluan	faka-mataku	dangerous
Rennellese	haka-mataku	to frighten, scare; to be amazing, terrifying, dangerous, surprising
Samoan	faʔa-mataʔu	to frighten, threaten
Wayan	vaka-mataku	be fearsome, frightening, terrifying; be dreadful, terribly bad, wicked; be dangerous; be formidable, powerful, commanding respect
Niue	faka-mataku-taku	to frighten

PWMP pa-nakut provoke fear ⇫ ¶

WMP
Tagalog	pa-nákot	scarecrow
Toba Batak	pa-nahut	provoke fear
Malay	pe-nakut	coward
Sasak	pe-nakut	precipitating fear

PWMP ka-takut-an be struck by fear; a state of fear or worry ⇫ ¶

WMP
Kapampangan	ka-takut-an	fear
Tagalog	ka-takut-an	to fear or be afraid of something or someone; a state of being afraid; fear, dread
Malay	ke-takut-an	panic
Tae'	ka-ma-takur-an	be afraid, fear
Bahasa Indonesia	ke-takut-an	a state of fear; a feeling of fear; a condition of fear; hesitation; worry; anxiety; be struck by fear
Malagasy	ha-tahor-ana	fear, dread

The Tae' form shows that some of these constructions may have been innovated in the separate histories of the languages in which they are found, since in at least this case the circumfixation of ka- -an took place only after prefixation with ma-.

PMP t<um>akut become afraid ⇫ ¶

WMP
Tagalog	t<um>ákot	to frighten, to alarm, to scare
Acehnese	t<eum>akōt	frightened, afraid, anxious about
Kelabit	t<em>aʔut	to seem afraid
CMP
Kemak	t<em>aut	to fear

PWMP takut-an easily frightened, cowardly ⇫ ¶

WMP
Ibaloy	tekot-an	to fear something (as a current in trying to cross a river)
Sangir	takut-aŋ	timid, frightened (said, for example, of a child, and thus not a scornful term)
Tae'	takur-an	cowardly
Bahasa Indonesia	takut-takut-an	easily startled; afraid of things; shy; hesitant

PWMP takut-en to frighten someone ⇫ ¶

WMP
Pangasinan	takot-en	to frighten
Tagalog	takut-ín	to frighten, to make afraid, to scare; to intimidate; to bluff; to threaten
Toba Batak	tahut-on	to fear, be afraid
Old Javanese	takut-takut-en	in the grip of fear
Sasak	takut-in	to frighten someone
Bikol	ta-takt-ón	afraid, fearful, frightened, jittery, nervous, panicky; meek, timid
	pa-takút-on	to make someone afraid, to intimidate, menace, scare, terrify

Reconstructions

PAN	takut	fear
PMP	ka-takut	(gloss uncertain)
PAN	ma-takut	fearful, afraid
POC	matakut	fear; fearful, afraid
PWMP	ma-nakut	(gloss uncertain)
PMP	pa-takut	to frighten, make afraid
PMP	paka-takut	to frighten, cause to fear
PWMP	pa-nakut	provoke fear
PWMP	ka-takut-an	be struck by fear; a state of…
PMP	t<um>akut	become afraid
PWMP	takut-an	easily frightened, cowardly
PWMP	takut-en	to frighten someone

Note

Also Saisiyat tikot ‘fear’, Ibaloy taʔkot ‘fear’, me-taʔkot-an ‘to equip a ricefield with scare devices’, Sasak takut-aŋ ‘be afraid of something’, Buli tjait ‘fear’, am-tjait ‘to fear’, Manam matakur ‘to fear, be afraid of’.
Siraya takot is given here as a probable base, given the attested form matakot ‘fear’, and the clear evidence for *ma-takut in many other languages. It is clear that the morpheme boundary in *ma-takut had already been lost in POc, and perhaps earlier, as suggested by nearly all known reflexes in eastern Indonesia. This raises questions about the position of Bimanese and Yapese, both of which reflect *takut as an independent base.