ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online

*teRas heartwood of a tree, hard, durable core of wood; ironwood tree

PMP teRas heartwood of a tree, hard, durable core of wood; ironwood tree ⇫ ¶

WMP
Itawis	na-tággat	hard, firm
	tággat	hardness; tree
Ibanag	na-teggaʔ	hard
Tagalog	t<um>igás	to harden; to become hard; to set; to become fixed; to become firm or hard; to stiffen; to become stiff
	tigás	hardness; rigidity; firmness; resistance; stiffness; tautness; inflexibility; being hard, firm or unyielding; resolution; the power of holding firmly to a purpose
	ma-nigás	to become hard, referring to parts of the body such as jaws, arms, legs, etc.; to be or become petrified; to become paralyzed with fear, horror, or surprise
Cebuano	tugás	, kind of wood producing extremely hard timber: Vitex parviflora; make something out of
Binukid	tegas	tree (which has extremely hard wood)
Maranao	tegas	harden, solidify; salt obtained from boiling and evaporation; tough; hard, white-grained wood
	tegas-oʔ	tough, hard-headed, self-willed
Manobo (Western Bukidnon)	teǥas	the tree or wood
Palauan	dort	ironwood tree: Intsia bijuga
Tombonuwo	togas	ironwood tree: Eusideroxylon zwageri
Bintulu	tas	hardwood tree, ironwood
Melanau (Mukah)	taas	hardwood tree, the ironwood
Toba Batak	toras	innermost wood of a tree, heartwood
Iban	teras	heartwood; (in Skrang and northern to lower Rejang river) ironwood
Malay	təras	heartwood (if hard) in a tree; hardwood timber
	pə-təras	arrogance
Tontemboan	taʔas	heartwood of trees
Mongondow	poko-togat-on	it must be made hard; it can’t be moved
Gorontalo	poʔo-toheto-lo	be strengthened, be made hard
	toheto	strong, hard
Kayan	kayoʔ tahah	the tree species; used for posts, making boards, etc.
	tahah
Mori Bawah	mo-tea	hard
Rejang	telas	the center and hardest part of a tree trunk
	tlas	a hardwood timber, used for house piles and posts, the heart of a tree trunk, the hardest and strongest timber
Old Javanese	a-twas	hard
	twas	hardness; the hard core; core, heart (as part of the body and as seat of feelings)
Javanese	a-tos	hard, firm; tough; harsh; careful
	ŋ-a-tos	to make something hard
Proto-Minahasan	tahas	tree sp. (used for timber)
Malagasy	teza	something fixed firm, durability; the inside of a piece of wood, the outside of which is worm-eaten; a pillar in a house
Proto-Sangiric	tiRas	hard (of wood)
CMP
Buruese	teha-t	ironwood tree: Intsia bijuga
Kisar	kerhe	hard, strong
Leti	terse	hard
Manggarai	teras	hard, impossible to chew (as corn)
Tetun	ulu-n tos	rough, coarse, rude, stupid (‘hard head’)
	tos	hard, durable; stiff, difficult to open; subborn
Rotinese	tea	hard, strong, firm (said of wood, stone, steel, teeth, the heart, the will); the inner core of a tree, especially the lontar palm

POC toRas various hardwood trees; heartwood of a tree ⇫ ¶

OC
Hawaiian	koa	the largest of native forest trees (Acacia koa), with light-gray bark, crescent-shaped leaves, and white flowers in small, round heads; a legume with fine, red wood, a valuable timber tree, formerly used for canoes, surfboards, calabashes, now for furniture and ukuleles. A small koa was sometimes added to the hula altar to Laka, goddess of the hula, to make the dancer fearless.
Seimat	to	a hardwood tree: Intsia bijuga (red inside)
Aua	oa	a hardwood tree: Intsia bijuga
Sori	tow	a hardwood tree: Intsia bijuga
Loniu	dow	a hardwood tree: Intsia bijuga
Nali	drow	a hardwood tree: Intsia bijuga
Ere	drow	a hardwood tree: Intsia bijuga
Penchal	row	a hardwood tree: Intsia bijuga (black inside)
Lou	to	a hardwood tree: Intsia bijuga
Arosi	ora	a species of tree from which the best canoes are made; a plank-built canoe
Anuta	toa	ironwood tree
Rennellese	toa	ironwood (none on Bellona, and on Rennell only on cliffs; in ancient times ceremonial paddles were placed at the bases of cliffs, and with proper incantations branches were said to have fallen down); reddish, finely-branching coral on the sea bottom; when taken ashore turns black; named for the ironwood
Mota	tora	a timber tree
Samoan	toa	tree (Casuarina sp.), the ironwood tree and its timber
Futunan	toa	a tree: Casuarina equisetifolia L.
Fijian	doa	the heart wood of a tree, solid, and dark
Niue	toa	the ironwood tree: Casuarina equisetifolia
Tongan	toa	kind of tree with very hard wood: the casuarina or ironwood tree
Rarotongan	toa	the ironwood tree: Casuarina equisetifolia

PMP ma-teRas hard, solid ⇫ ¶

WMP
Gaddang	ma-teggat	hard
Tagalog	ma-tigás	hard; firm; not yielding to touch; iron; strong; stern; not yielding; firm; tough, leathery; rigid; not bending; stalwart; firm; steadfast; indomitable; unconquerable; hard; not pleasant; harsh; ugly; unbending
Binukid	ma-tegas	characterized by working hard, energetically, with vigor
Manobo (Western Bukidnon)	me-teǥas	descriptive of a person who can endure torture or discomfort
Toba Batak	na-toras	elders
	ma-noras-i	fire a pot to harden it
	ma-toras	ripe, old; dark, of a color
Mongondow	mo-togat	hard, become hard
Mori Bawah	mo-tea	hard
Mandar	aju ma-teras	strong, hard (wood)
	ma-teras	strong (as a person who is physically strong)
Malagasy	ma-teza	durable, permanent, lasting
Tolaki (Mekongga)	mo-toha	hard

POC ma-toRas hard, solid ⇫ ¶

OC
Marshallese	majewjew	firm; strong; solid
Gilbertese	matoa	firmness, solidity, hardness, resistance
	ka-matoa-toa	to strengthen, fortify, make resistant

Reconstructions

PMP	teRas	heartwood of a tree, hard,…
POC	toRas	various hardwood trees;…
PMP	ma-teRas	hard, solid
POC	ma-toRas	hard, solid

Note

Also Agutaynen ma-tegat ‘hard (food, wood); tough (food, meat); matured, aged (wood, fruit)’, tegat ‘to become hard, tough, frozen’, Ngaju Dayak teras ‘heartwood of a tree, the innermost, hardest part of a tree; firm, determined, steadfast’, ma-neras ‘to harden, fortify’, Enggano ei-tora ‘heartwood of a tree’ (said to be a Malay loanword), Sangir ləhasəʔ ‘heartwood’, Wetan teera ‘hard, strong, firm(ly), rigid(ly), fixed’, Rotuman toa ‘ironwood tree’ (Polynesian loan). This word appears to have referred simultaneously to the hard core or heartwood of any tree that has a solid core, and to various types of hardwood trees, although it is hard to say which, since PMP *qipil probably was the Intsia bijuga, and PMP *aRuhu the Casuarina equisetifolia.