ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online

*kilala to know (a person), recognize, be acquainted with; to feel, perceive

PAN kilala to know (a person), recognize, be acquainted with; to feel, perceive ⇫ ¶

Form.
Seediq (Truku)	kila	to know
Seediq	kila	to know
WMP
Casiguran Dumagat	kilála	to be acquainted with (said to be from )
Kapampangan	maki-kilála	to recognize
	kilála	be acquainted
	paki-kilála	to make known, introduce
Tagalog	ka-kilalá	an acquaintance
	pag-ki-kilala	mutual knowledge of each other; meeting; becoming acquainted
	pag-kilala	acknowledgement; receiving, admitting, thanking, recognizing an obligation or debt, etc.; informing about the receipt of something; answering; identification; view; a way of looking at or considering a matter; opinion; recognition; recognizing
	k<in>í-kilala	titular; in title or name only
	mag-pa-kilala	to make known; to reveal; to show; to attest; to infer; to indicate; to imply; to denote; to be a sign of; to stamp; to show to be of a certain quality or character
	pag-ká-kilala	knowledge of a person; recognition; a being recognized
	pag-pa-pa-kilala	a making known; an expression; demonstration; a showing of emotion; introduction
	kilalá	familiar; well-known; known to all; proverbial; known
	kilalá-ŋ-kilalá	widely known; in the public eye
	pag-ka-kilalá	prestige; reputation; distinction; influence
	mag-kilalá	to become acquainted
	taga-pag-pa-kilala	toastmaster
	ipa-kilala	to introduce; to make known; to present; to reflect; to reproduce; to show; to betray; to reveal; to signify; to make known by signs, words or actions
	kilala-n-ín	to acknowledge; to recognize; to consider; to reckon, to judge; to identify; to recognize as being a particular person or thing
	di-kilalá	nameless; having no name; unknown; not well known; strange; not known, seen or heard of before; unfamiliar
Hanunóo	kilála	knowing (someone), being acquainted with (someone); acquaintanceship
	mag-ka-kilála	be acquainted (used mostly in the passive)
	ka-kilála	an acquaintance
Masbatenyo	ka-kilála	an acquaintance
	mag-pa-kilála	to introduce, make someone known
	kilalá-h-on	become acquainted with, get to know; be treated, be regarded, be considered
Aklanon	kiláea	to be acquainted, get introduced
	ka-kiláea	an acquaintance, friend
	manóg-pa-kiláea	emcee, master of ceremonies; introducer
Waray-Waray	kilalá	known, recognized
	kilála	an acquaintance
Hiligaynon	kilála	acquaintance, person with whom one has a facial acquaintance
Palawan Batak	kilala	to recognize a person
Binukid	kilala	to recognize, know (someone or something)
Maranao	kilala	recognize, identify
Manobo (Western Bukidnon)	kilala	to know someone; to recognize someone or something; an acquaintance
Mansaka	kilara	to recognize
Tiruray	gilolo-n	recognizable
Yakan	kilale-h-un	to recognize
	mag-kilale	to know, recognize, point out something
Mapun	mag-pa-kila	to introduce; to make oneself recognizable; to introduce oneself
	saʔ na ta-kila-kila	no comparison; can’t imagine
	kila	to recognize something or someone; to be acquainted with someone; to identify something; to have someone identify something
Tausug	kilā	recognition
Toba Batak	maŋ-hilala	to feel, sense
	paŋ-hilala-an	emotion, feeling, sentiment
Iban	kelala	perceive, scrutinize (e.g. a pig’s liver for omens), identify, know, recognize (a person)
Tae'	kilala-i	remember, recollect
OC
Mussau	kila	to know (people), be acquainted with
Manam	kilala	sign; to give a sign; to recognize
	kilala-ŋ	to know to recognize (me)
Mbula	kilaala	perceive, recognize; realize, understand; be aware, know well
Roviana	gila	to know, to understand; a beacon
	v<in>a-gila-gila	a sign
	gila-nia	be known, understood
Bugotu	githatha	to know, be aware of, recognize
Nggela	gila	to know, be expert at
'Āre'āre	ʔirara	invoke a spirit in order to know what to do to cure a sick person
Sa'a	ilala	to divine; the charms used are , dracaena leaf, shell forehead ornament, bows, spears, , dancing club, paddles
Ulawa	ilalaa dani	to divine the weather
	ilala tari	to appeal to a ghost in divination
Arosi	ʔirara	to know, understand, perceive; divination, seance, ordeal; answers to questions were given by the ghosts by movements of natural objects without human intervention
Tubetube	kila-kilala	recognize (usually referred to inconjunction with getting dark); sign or signal
Mota	gila-gilala	understanding
	gilala	to know, understand
Paamese	gilel	educate; knowledgeable; clever
Faulili	ŋgilela	to know
Wayan	kila tava	make a wrong identification, mistake one thing for another
	kila-kwā	knowledge, intelligence
	vī-kila-ti	know each other, be acquainted
	kila	to know, comprehend, realize, understand; be acquainted with something or someone; what is known
	kila-kila-ti	try to identify or work something out, guess at something; what is guessed
	lei-kila-ti	be known, understood, etc.
Fijian	vaka-tā-kilā	to show, make known, reveal
	kila	to know; to understand; to feel, perceive
	kila-kilā	to guess; knowing, sly, cunning
	vā-kila-kilā	to fawn upon one previously despised
Tolai	kilala-ŋ	to know by given signs
Toak	-kila	to know

PWMP ma-kilala (gloss uncertain) ⇫ ¶

WMP
Tagalog	má-kilala	to know; to be acquainted with; to have knowledge of a person; to know someone; to be characterized; to be distinguished; to pick out or recognize someone or something from surroundings; to recognize; to know again; to discern; to know
Masbatenyo	ma-kilála	be recognized, be identified
Old Javanese	ma-kilala	to have the usufruct (right to the service) of

PMP pa-kilala (gloss uncertain) ⇫ ¶

WMP
Casiguran Dumagat	pa-kilála	go-between, intervener (in the case of an elopement; the term for the man who goes to the angry father of the girl, at the request of the boy’s family, to bring about a reconciliation); to act as go-between
Aklanon	pa-kiláea	to introduce, acquaint
Binukid	pa-kilala	to make (something) known; to introduce someone to someone else; to become acquainted with someone
Tae'	pa-kilala	remember; think about; admonish
Old Javanese	pa-kilala	to have the usufruct (right to the service) of
OC
Mbula	pa-kilaala	to teach, help to understand

PWMP ma-ŋilala to notice, take note of; recognize ⇫ ¶

WMP
Yakan	ŋilale	to know
Tausug	ma-ŋilā	to look at (something) in order to recognize it or see whose it is, to identify something; to claim something; to shy away from (someone, especially spoken of a baby)
Toba Batak	ma-ŋilala	to mark; remember; notice; take note of; pay attention to
Old Javanese	ma-ŋilala	to enjoy the usufruct of, have a right to the services, etc. of

PWMP ka-kilala-an (gloss uncertain) ⇫ ¶

WMP
Mapun	ka-kila-h-an	for a person to be discovered as having something that has been recognized as not belonging to him
Tausug	ka-kilā-h-an	for people to be acquainted or familiar with each other
Old Javanese	ka-kilala-n	given to rule over temporarily

PWMP k<um>ilala (gloss uncertain) ⇫ ¶

WMP
Tagalog	k<um>ilalá	to respond; to react; to act in answer
Old Javanese	k<um>ilala	to enjoy the usufruct of, have a right to the services, etc. of

PWMP kilala-an (gloss uncertain) ⇫ ¶

WMP
Maranao	kilala-ʔ-an	distinguish, recognize, acknowledge
Mapun	kila-an	to accuse someone for having something that you recognize as belonging to you or someone else
Old Javanese	kilala-n	something of which one has the use
OC
Mbula	kilala-n	sign, mark, omen

Reconstructions

PAN	kilala	to know (a person),…
PWMP	ma-kilala	(gloss uncertain)
PMP	pa-kilala	(gloss uncertain)
PWMP	ma-ŋilala	to notice, take note of;…
PWMP	ka-kilala-an	(gloss uncertain)
PWMP	k<um>ilala	(gloss uncertain)
PWMP	kilala-an	(gloss uncertain)

Note

Also TRUK kəla, Romblomanon kilāya ‘someone is well known; someone knows, finds out, or recognizes someone or something or that an event occurs or a state exists; someone knows about something’, Malagasy maha-lala ‘to know, to be acquainted with, to comprehend, to recognize’, faha-lala-na ‘knowledge, understanding’, Sangir maka-kirala ‘ro recognize or identify someone’, maki-kirala ‘to recognize’.

Both PMP *taqu and *kilala can be glossed by the English word ‘to know’. However, *taqu evidently referred to the skill or practical understanding that results from acquired knowledge (as in what one needs to know in order to perform a job), and it is therefore understandably associated with dexerity and the right hand in various languages. By contrast, *kilala evidently referred to instinctive or intuitive knowledge, as used in the passive recognition of people’s faces, or the acquisition of information through divination or the like. Under most circumstances the formal similarity of the material cited here to Cebuano kilála ‘ornamental shrub, the reddish leaves of which have medicinal use: Cordyline fruticosa, would be passed over in silence. However, reflexes of *kilala in the southeast Solomons refer to knowledge obtained by divination, and one of the charms used in divination is the leaves of dracaena, a close relative of the Cordyline, suggesting that this plant may have have been used for a similar purpose (knowledge through divination) in the pre-Christian Philippines, but that these associations were purged in the process of Christianization.

To explain the correspondence of the Tagalog, Toba Batak and Malagasy forms cited here Dempwolff (1938) reconstructed *lala, segmenting the first syllable of both the Tagalog and Toba Batak forms. Wider comparison shows that this is not the optimal solution, since most languages reflect a trisyllable, and the development in Malagasy must be considered an unexplained irregularity. The recurrent kila forms (Mapun, Mussau, Roviana, Toak, Wayan, Fijian, optionally in Nggela) are assumed to be products of haplology rather than reflexes of a PMP doublet.