ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online

*buReS spray water from the mouth

PAN buReS spray water from the mouth ⇫ ¶

Form.
Kavalan	buRes	spray water from the mouth
Paiwan	b-n-ures	spew water (not sputum) from the mouth
	bures	water squirter of bamboo (child's toy)
	ma-bures	sprayed or spewed upon

PMP buRah spray water from the mouth; spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing ⇫ ¶

WMP
Bontok	bulá	push out of one's mouth with the tongue; spit out
Ifugaw	bulá	spit out what one is busy eating
	bulá	for someone to push out foreign matter (food, spent betel quid) from the mouth with the tongue
Ifugaw (Batad)	bulá	for someone to push out foreign matter (food, spent betel quid) from the mouth with the tongue
Casiguran Dumagat	bugá	a betel nut chew which has one or more medicinal plants mixed with it, which is smeared on the belly area of one with a stomach ache; to smear the mastication on the stomach
Umiray Dumaget	buge	to spit out
Tagalog	bugá	act of forcing out something from the mouth by sudden blow of air; bellowing or hissing snort (as steam forced out in spurts); game similar to the game of marbles but using seeds of the vine, commonly forced out of the player's mouth by sudden blowing; medical treatment given by quack doctors in which some chewed substance is mixed with the saliva and strongly spat upon the ailing part of the patient's body
Hanunóo	mag-búga	expectorate, spit
	búga	spittle
Aklanon	bugá	exhale, blow out (smoke of a cigarette)
Hiligaynon	mag-bugá	to belch forth, to spit out, as a volcano belching forth lava
Cebuano	bugá	emit something with force or in great quantity (as an octopus spewing out its ink); treat an illness by expectorating chewed medicinal herbs on a sore spot or at the person (e.g. for a stomach ailment); do something with force or energy; hit something hard with the fist
Binukid	bugah-i	spit out (as the juice of an immature betel nut on a cut to heal it)
	buga	to spit, spew out (liquid)
Mansaka	bogaʔ	squirt water from the mouth (e.g. bathe a chicken in this way)
Sangir	buha	scrub oneself, use a rubbing stone in bathing; rub off; smear in (oil in hair, balsamine in skin after bathing)
Malay	ular naga bura	a venomous spitting snake, specifically the viper Angkistrodon rhodostoma, but used loosely of the spitting cobra and the (Lachesis purpureomaculatus)
	bura	spitting out; ejecting
	naga bura	fire-breathing or venon-breathing dragon
	ular mura	a venomous spitting snake, specifically the viper Angkistrodon rhodostoma, but used loosely of the spitting cobra and the (Lachesis purpureomaculatus)
Mongondow	buga	spit or spew out (with force), squirt out, exhale forcefully
Tae'	bura	remedy, medicine
Boano	tu-huna	spray patient with healing saliva
Sundanese	bura	spew, spit out (above all the liquid mixture of a chewed medicinal substance, spat by a shaman upon an ailing person or animal)
	mura-an	spew, spray chewed medicinal substances from the mouth; spit venom at someone, of a snake
	mura-keun	spray a liquid mixture of chewed substances from the mouth upon a person or animal; spit out anything
Bikol	mag-bugá	to ejaculate
Proto-Sangiric	buRa	smear, rub in
Bikol	i-bugá	to ejaculate
CMP
Manipa	ra-hula	to spit
Kamarian	hura	spit something (such as medicine) over something else
Asilulu	hula-si	spew out saliva mixed with chewed areca on some diseased body part (a medical treatment for all kinds of external and internal disorders, esp. those caused by unfriendly spirits, e.g. headache)
Sika	bura	spit out, spit on
	bura wua taa	spit out betel quid

POC puRa spray water from the mouth; spray a mixture of saliva and masticated medicinal herbs on an ailing body part in curing ⇫ ¶

OC
Molima	wula	blow out water, as a whale
	wula-wula	whale's spout; whale

PMP buRah-an be sprayed from the mouth ⇫ ¶

WMP
Casiguran Dumagat	buga-an ek mo tu tian	smear the mastication on my stomach
	buga-an	be spat upon
Tagalog	bugh-án	blow or spit some liquid or smoke upon (a rooster or some ailing part of a patient's body)
Cebuano	bugah-án	do with force or energy
Mongondow	b-in-uga-an	was spit out (text example: a princess spews masticated old betel nut on adversaries who are thereby struck dead upon contact)
Sundanese	di-bura-an	spray a liquid mixture of chewed substances from the mouth upon a person or animal; spit out anything
Bikol	buga-n-án	a place to spit, particularly with reference to betel chewers
CMP
Rembong	bura-n	spray medication from the mouth onto a sick person
Komodo	bura-ŋ	to spit (at a wound)
Ngadha	bura ata	spit on a person
	bura go rura	expectorate sputum
	bura	expectorate, spit out; spit on

Reconstructions

PAN	buReS	spray water from the mouth
PMP	buRah	spray water from the mouth;…
POC	puRa	spray water from the mouth;…
PMP	buRah-an	be sprayed from the mouth

Note

Also Pazeh me-bekes ‘spray water from the mouth’, Paiwan bures ‘water-squirter of bamboo (child's toy)’; b-n-ures ‘use water-squirter; spew water (not sputum) from mouth’; si-bures ‘something spat out of mouth (not sputum)’; ma-bures ‘be sprayed or spewed upon’, Bikol bugá ‘spit out a mouthful of water’, Cebuano bugá ‘treat an illness by expectorating chewed medicinal herbs on a sore spot or at the person’, Iban burah ‘apply chewed herbs or areca to the skin as a remedy for an ailment’, Toba Batak gam-bura ‘misty spray from a waterfall’, Gedaged fuze ‘to bespit a person or something; to spray (by blowing saliva, ginger, ground, etc.; to besplatter, sprinkle, dash, wet (with saliva, water)’. Together with PAn *tumeS, PMP *tumah ‘clothes louse’, PAn *buReS, PMP *buRah ‘spray from the mouth’ supports the claim that PAn *a and *e merged before *h in all non-Formosan AN languages, and hence makes an important contribution to the MP hypothesis.

As suggested by Mills (1975:2:653) there can be little doubt that this term functioned within the context of traditional shamanistic herbal medicine, referring to the action of spewing masticated medicinal herbs on the surface of the skin over a painful part of the body. The distribution of semantic reflexes suggests that premasticated betel nut was the preferred medicinal simple; the practice probably was common for stomach ailments and headache. Finally, this item illustrates the process of ‘semantic fragmentation’ (Blust 1987) in a striking manner, since e.g. Tae' bura ‘remedy, medicine’ and Molima wula ‘to blow out water, as a whale’ appear at first to have no common semantic ground, yet emerge as straightforward cognates once it is recognized that each has selected and developed one component of the original meaning to the exclusion of the other.