ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online

*Caqi feces, excrement

PAN Caqi feces, excrement ⇫ ¶

Form.
Saisiyat	sæʔi	excrement
Thao	caqi	feces, excrement
Puyuma	Taʔi	feces, excrement
Paiwan	tsaqi	excrement, feces
WMP
Merap	taʔayʔ	excrement

PMP taqi feces, excrement ⇫ ¶

WMP
Bontok	tat-taʔi	kind of vine having an unpleasant smell (Asclepiad)
	táʔi	feces
Ifugaw	taʔí	stool relief of the bowels; excrement, feces
Kankanaey	tái di gáyaŋ	a variety of taro with dark-colored shoots (lit. ‘crow feces’)
	tái	stool relief of the bowels; excrement; feces; dung; crotel; treadle; rust, rustiness
Ibaloy	tai-an	to defecate on something (as a child on his shirt)
	man-tai	to move one’s bowels, defecate
	tai	fecal excrement, dung, crap, poop; waste material
Pangasinan	man-taí	defecate
	taí	excrement
Tagalog	mag-taʔé	to have loose bowels, to have diarrhea
	pag-táʔe	the act of moving one’s bowels
	taʔe ~ taʔi	excrement; waste matter expelled from the body
Masbatenyo	tai	feces, excrement
Aklanon	tái	stool, feces; to defecate
Waray-Waray	táʔi	human or animal excreta or waste
Agutaynen	taki	feces, manure
	mag-taki-taki	to have diarrhea
	man-taki	to defecate
Cebuano	táʔi	feces of people and animals; dross from molten metal
Binukid	tai	feces (of people and animals), excrement; manure
Maranao	taʔi	feces, stool
Manobo (Western Bukidnon)	taʔi	fecal matter
Palauan	daʔ	excrement, shit; residue; secretion
Kalagan	tay	excrement
Mansaka	tai	excrement, feces
Tombonuwo	to-tai	feces
Bisaya (Lotud)	taʔiʔ	feces
Kadazan Dusun	buhavan	gold dust
	tai	dung
Bisaya	taʔiʔ	feces
Gayō	tai	feces; dirt, waste product
Bintulu	taʔəy	rust, rusty
Kelabit	taʔih	feces
Sangir	tai	dregs, filth; feces; sediment
Melanau (Balingian)	taʔəy	feces
Simalur	tai	feces, excrement
	man-tai	to defecate
Toba Batak	te ni hudon	soot on a cooking pot
	te	dirt, filth, feces
Malay	mabok tahi teliŋa	dazed by talk or nagging; talked down’ (lit. ‘drunk with waste in the ear’)
	tahi besi	rust
	tahi ulat	three or four days after tomorrow
	tahi	dregs; lees; sediment; dirt of any sort; ordure
	tahi lalat	mole-freckle (lit. ‘fly dropping’)
Tontemboan	taʔi	filth, excrement
	tan-taʔi	beetle that rummages in horse and pig feces
Totoli	ta-tai	excrement, feces
Tonsawang	taʔi	feces; dregs
Bidayuh (Bukar-Sadong)	tai-n	stomach; womb; belly; lower part of human body that contains the stomach and bowels
Nias	ta	excrement, feces; slag; lightning
Balaesang	tai	excrement, feces
Bare'e	mo-to-taʔi	to defecate
	tan-taʔi	buttocks, bottom, base of something
	taʔi	the waste produced by something; feces; dregs, sediment; also belly, stomach
Uma	taʔi	feces, excrement
Mori Atas	taʔi	excrement
Tae'	tai uay	green duckweed on the surface of water
	tai	the waste produced by something; feces; dregs, sediment
	kat-tai ~ tit-tai	to defecate
	tai tuak	sediment of palm wine
Mandar	tai	feces
	tit-tai	to defecate
Wawonii	taʔi	excrement
Buginese	tai	feces; to defecate
Kulisusu	taʔi	feces
Moronene	taʔi laŋi	cloud (feces of the sky)
Wolio	taʔi	excrement, filth, residue; rust
Enggano	e-kai	feces, excrement
Muna	taghi	belly
Makassarese	tat-tai	to defecate
	tai	waste, dregs; feces; rust
Old Javanese	tahi	excrement, dropping; rust
	ma-tahi-tahi	rusty
Javanese	tai	feces; rust; sawdust
Balinese	tahi	dirt; rust; scale (metal); dung
Sasak	tai	feces, filth
Malagasy	tai nifi	the scurf on the teeth
Proto-Bungku-Tolaki	taqi	feces
Malagasy	tai	dung, excrement, refuse
	tai-m-bi	iron slag, scoria
CMP
Boano₂	tai-a	feces
Manipa	kai-a	feces
Buruese	tai	feces, excrement, dung
Asilulu	roko tai	cigarette ashes
	tai	feces, excreta, filth
Laha	tei	feces
Larike	tei	feces
East Damar	tɛ-	feces
Tugun	tei	feces
Erai	te	feces
Kisar	koi	excrement; rust
Leti	tei	feces; rust
Rembong	taʔi	feces, filth
Waima'a	naʔi	belly
Manggarai	taʔi	to defecate; feces, filth
Bimanese	taʔi	to defecate; feces, filth
	taʔi garagaji	sawdust
Komodo	tai	feces, droppings
Li'o	taʔi	feces; to defecate
Ngadha	taʔi	feces, excrement; to defecate
	taʔi kaba	kind of mushroom
Tetun	te	to defecate (a vulgar word)
Kambera	tai	feces, excrement, filth; accretion
	tai bàhi	rust
Wetan	tee	excreta (of all kinds)
SHWNG
Irarutu	ta	feces
Kowiai/Koiwai	tai	feces
OC
Nehan	tai	feces, excrement
Labu	ta	excrement
Gabadi	sinae	belly
Gapapaiwa	tai-	feces, excrement
Motlav	na-ta	excrement
Lakona	sene	guts
Marino	te-	feces
Malmariv	te-	excrement
Northeast Ambae	tai-	excrement
Mafea	tai-	excrement
	tai	excrement
Atchin	ne-te-	feces
Merig	te-	feces
Watut	ragi-	feces

PAN C<in>aqi small intestine ⇫ ¶

Form.
Amis	tinaɁi	intestines
Puyuma	T<in>aʔi	intestines

PMP t<in>aqi small intestine ⇫ ¶

WMP
Itbayaten	hi-tinay-an	remove intestines
	tinayi	intestines
Isneg	sináy	belly or abdomen; bowels, guts, entrails, intestines; the abdominal and pelvic viscera
Itawis	sináy	stomach; intestine
Masbatenyo	tináʔi	intestines
Waray-Waray	tenaʔiʔ	abdomen; intestine
Palawan Batak	tináʔi	belly, intestines, stomach
Cebuano	tináʔi	intestines
Palauan	dəlaʔ	intestines, bowels
	dələʔi-l	his/her intestines
Mansaka	tinai	intestines; umbilical cord
Paitan	tinai	stomach
Kenyah	tenaʔi	intestines
Kelabit	sinaʔih	intestines, guts
Melanau Dalat (Kampung Teh)	naʔəy ~ nəʔəy	abdomen, belly
Melanau Dalat	naʔəy ~ nəʔəy	abdomen, belly
Tonsea	tinaʔi	intestines
Murik	tenaʔi-n	large intestine, of humans
	tenaʔiʔ	intestines of animals
CMP
Lamboya	tanai	guts
Kambera	tanai	intestines
SHWNG
Ron	sena	abdomen, belly
Dusner	sne	abdomen, belly
Moor	sine	stomach, liver
OC
Kuruti	drine-	abdomen
Lindrou	drine-	abdomen
Nali	drina-	intestines
Ere	dine-	intestines
Mekeo (East)	inae	belly
Ghari	tinae-	guts
Talise	tinae-	guts
Hula	inaɣe	bowels
Saliba	sinae	intestines
Suau	sinae	intestines
Merlav	tinae-	guts
Raga	sine-	guts
Aore	tine-	guts
Apma	cine	guts
Makatea	tinae	guts
Mele-Fila	sinae	guts
Peterara	tinae-	guts
Merig	tinae-	guts

PAN C<um>aqi to defecate ⇫ ¶

Form.
Saisiyat	s<om>aʔi	to defecate
Hoanya	s<um>ai	to defecate (glossed ‘feces’ in )
Puyuma	mu-Taʔi	to defecate

PMP t<um>aqi to defecate ⇫ ¶

WMP
Bontok	t<um>áʔi	to defecate
Ifugaw	t<um>aʔí	to defecate
Tagalog	t<um>áʔe	to move the bowels
Bisaya (Lotud)	t<um>aʔiʔ	to defecate
Bisaya	t<um>aʔiʔ	to defecate

PWMP taqi nu bituqen shooting star ⇫ ¶

WMP
Tagalog	taʔe naŋ bituʔín	shooting star; meteor
Toba Batak	te ni bintaŋ	shooting star
Malay	tahi bintaŋ	shooting stars; small bright yellow caterpillars
Makassarese	tai bintuŋ	shooting star
Malagasy	tai-n kintana	a meteor, a shooting star

PWMP taqi nu Caliŋa earwax, cerumen ⇫ ¶

WMP
Bontok	táʔi-n si kúləŋ	earwax
Kelabit	taʔih lalid	earwax
Malagasy	tai-n-tadini	the wax from the ear

PMP taqi nu haŋin wind-driven fragments of cloud, light scudding clouds ⇫ ¶

WMP
Malay	tahi aŋin	light clouds driven before the wind
Sasak	tai-n aŋin	kind of lichen, Lichen capillaris
CMP
Bimanese	taʔi aŋi	type of cloud
Komodo	tai aŋiŋ	kind of clouds

Also cf. Fijian dē ni laŋi ‘light scudding clouds’, from the PMP doublet *taqay nu haŋin.

PWMP taqi nu kuku dirt under the nails ⇫ ¶

WMP
Sundanese	taiʔ kuku	dirt under the nails
Malagasy	tai-n-kuhu	dirt under the nails

PMP taqi nu lalej dark mole ⇫ ¶

WMP
Mapun	tayiʔ laŋaw	mole on one’s skin
Sangir	tai lalarəʔ	specks of dirt on the laundry
Malay	tahi lalat	mole-freckle (lit. ‘fly speck’)
Tae'	tai laliʔ	wart (lit. ‘fly speck’)
CMP
Manggarai	taʔi lali	mole, beauty spot (lit. ‘fly speck’)
Bimanese	taʔi laru	mole, beauty spot

PAN pu-Caqi to defecate ⇫ ¶

Form.
Thao	pu-caqi	to defecate
Puyuma	pu-Taqi	to spread manure on the fields
Paiwan	pu-tsaqi	to defecate

Reconstructions

PAN	Caqi	feces, excrement
PMP	taqi	feces, excrement
PAN	C<in>aqi	small intestine
PMP	t<in>aqi	small intestine
PAN	C<um>aqi	to defecate
PMP	t<um>aqi	to defecate
PWMP	taqi nu bituqen	shooting star
PWMP	taqi nu Caliŋa	earwax, cerumen
PMP	taqi nu haŋin	wind-driven fragments of…
PWMP	taqi nu kuku	dirt under the nails
PMP	taqi nu lalej	dark mole
PAN	pu-Caqi	to defecate

Note

Also Kavalan tal ‘feces, excrement’, tal ‘guts, intestines (large and small)’, Waray-Waray taʔíʔ ‘rust, corrosion’, Mapun tayiʔ ‘excrement; dung; feces’, Tiruray téʔék ‘feces; defecate’, téʔék keliŋoʔ ‘earwax’, Tboli ké ‘fecal matter’, me-ké ‘defecate’, Kadazan Dusun taiʔ ‘filth, dung’, taiʔ do amas ‘gold dust’, taiʔ do buhavan ‘meteor’, Kelabit taéʔ ‘feces’, naéʔ ‘defecate’, Berawan (Long Terawan) taʔiʔ ‘feces’, Murik, Kayan (Uma Juman) taʔíʔ ‘feces, excrement’, Bintulu taʔiʔ ‘feces’, Iban taiʔ ‘excrement, dregs, discharge’, Maloh taiʔi, tahi ‘excrement’, Sundanese taiʔ ‘filth; feces; rust; sawdust; scum; slag (of metal)’.

Although the great majority of Oceanic languages unambiguously reflect PMP *taqay, a few appear to have regular unambiguous reflexes of PAn *Caqi, and so are assigned to this variant. A number of languages have reflexes with an unexplained final glottal stop, and these may point to yet another doublet, although this option is not chosen here. In addition it should be noted that many languages have non-cognate expressions for various plants that use this morpheme as a component element, but because of their number and wide variety only a few of these are cited here.