The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

*CuNuh roast food over a fire

PAN CuNuh roast food over a fire

Form.
Saisiyat solœh roast over a slow fire
Bunun ma-tunuh to roast right on the fire
Kanakanabu c<um>á-cunu to roast right on the fire
Saaroa c<um>a-cuɬu to roast right on the fire
Tsou c<m>uhu to roast right on the fire
Amis todoh-en to burn something
todoh to burn (generic); to roast, barbecue
Rukai ua-cuɬu to roast right on the fire
Rukai (Budai) ua-cuɬu to roast right on the fire
Paiwan tsulʸu to roast something

PMP tunu roast food over a fire

WMP
Isneg túno to roast
Casiguran Dumagat tunó roast in or over a fire (of meat, fish, bananas, root foods)
Chamorro tunu burn, barbecue, scald, broil
Kelabit tunuh burning, roasting
Sangir tunu scorch, singe
ta-tunu the instrument or means (hot water, etc.) by which something is scorched or singed
Iban tunu burn up, consume by fire; to roast, toast (as fish)
Malay tunu consume by fire, burn up. Of the destruction of forest by fire when clearing land for cultivation; of burning incense; of slaying one's enemies by burning; of the walls of a house being burnt
Tontemboan tunu to burn, bake, roast
Gorontalo tulu fire
Balantak tunu to burn
Uma -tunu to burn
Tae' tunu to burn, roast, broil, bake; slaughter animals
man-tunu to burn, bake; slaughter (sacrificial) animals for one who has died
tunu kuliʔ roast over a fire in the skin, as tubers
Mandar tunu to roast; roasted (as fish)
Murik tunuʔ roasting
Buginese tunu to roast (as fish)
Wolio tunu to light (lamp, fire), set afire, burn, heat up, roast, bake (also pottery)
Makassarese tunu to burn, lay in the ashes; light (a lamp), bake in an oven, roast over a fire; lay in a fire (of golden ornaments, as one of the operations needed to make them beautiful; to heat up (stones); slaughter (of buffalos, goats
pat-tunu-aŋ offering feast; place where burnt offerings are made
at-tunu roti to bake bread
Old Javanese a-tunu on fire, ablaze; seek death by fire, throw oneself into the fire
Madurese ka-tono-n burned
tono to burn
Old Javanese pa-nunw-an cremation place, pile, pyre
Javanese di-tunu put in the fire, burn; roasted (over a fire, in the ashes)
tunu a small fire
Bonerate tunu to burn
Balinese tunu roast on a fire, bake on glowing coals; cremate
Malagasy tóno roast, grilled
Proto-Sangiric tunu to bake, roast
Proto-Minahasan tunu burn, bake, roast
CMP
Soboyo tunu to burn, singe off hair, feathers, etc. over a fire: roast
Sula donu to burn
Paulohi tunu roast, burn; shoot with a weapon', tunu 'to burn; to shoot
Buruese tunu-h heat the midsection of (cylinder, rod, or tube) in a flame
Hitu tunu to burn
Asilulu ai ta-tunu firewood
ta-tunu something roasted or burned
tunu to burn; to roast or bake; to shoot
katihu ta-tunu roasted shrimp
Kei en-tun roast or stew in the fire, to bake; shoot off firearms
Dobel tun stove
Fordata tunu roast in a fire; shooting of a firearm
tunu-n roasted in the fire
Tugun tunu to burn, roast
Yamdena in tu-tunu fish baked in the fire
tunu to fry, to bake, to roast in the fire; shooting of firearms; shining, scorching of the sun
Erai tunu to roast
Talur tunu to burn
Kisar kunu burn, roast, bake
Selaru tun shoot with a firearm; burn, roast on the fire; ignite, set on fire
Luang n-tunu to burn
Leti tunu set on fire, burn, roast or bake; shoot a firearm
Rembong tunu to roast (young corn) in the husk
Manggarai tunu to roast (young corn in the husk, unpeeled manioc)
Komodo tunu to burn (a field), to roast (meat, corn)
Ngadha tunu to burn, burn off
tunu ŋana singe off the bristles of a sacrificial pig, an oath
Tetun tunu to roast, to bake (in an oven or over a fire)
tunu ahu make quicklime
tunu fahi singe a pig (to scrape off hair and skin)
tunu-n baked in an oven
Anakalangu tunu burn
Kodi tunu to burn
Kambera tunu set on fire (as a house); burn (as lime), roast, bake (as a chicken or young corn
Hawu tunu burn; fry, grill, roast (as a chicken); to light, ignite (as a lamp)
Rotinese tunu roast, bake, cook without fat (meat, fish, corn, etc.); singe off the fur of a pig, goat, etc. in making a sacrificial offering
Dhao/Ndao tunu to burn
Proto-Ambon tunu to burn, to shoot
Wetan tuni burn, roast, often combined with , to cook: they roasted and cooked, they prepared food
Wakasihu tunu to burn
SHWNG
Numfor kun burn, fry, roast; ignite a fire or lamp
kun to fry
Serui-Laut tunu to cook
OC
Hawaiian kunu broil on coals, as meat or fish
Nukuoro dunu cook, heat up, boil (water)
Kapingamarangi dunu cook over an open fire, boil
Nali tun-tun to burn, roast
Titan tunu-tun to burn, roast
Tigak tun cook
Wogeo tunu roast, burn; cook it!
Label tun cook, burn
Takuu tunu to cook on hot coals, to roast
Gedaged tun-i cause to burn, light (a fire so it burns well), set fire
Kove tunu to burn
Lakalai tulu-lu to burn (of a burn); be burned
e-tulu-lu hot taro
Gitua tun burn, hot
Torau ta-tunu to burn
Roviana tunu burn scars on the arm, as is often done by young boys
Cheke Holo tunu burn with fire
thunu be burned (living being)
Bugotu tunu mark, blot, cicatrix caused by burning
Lau ūnu a torch of dried coconut leaves tied together
Tuvaluan tunu cook
Kwaio unu native torch; to light, illuminate; divine a thief using a magical torch, cook vegetables (or edible insects) by steaming in a leaf-plugged bamboo tube on an open fire
'Āre'āre ūnu torch made from dry coconut leaf; go fishing at night with this torch
haneia ūnu ordeal, judgement by hot stones, trial by fire
Motu tunu-a to bake pottery
Arosi unu raise cicatrices on the body with a burning brand
Tawala tunu-ya shine a light, light up
Tubetube tun to burn down, as a house or garden
Anuta tunu roast something over an open fire; roasted
Rennellese tunu to cook, roast on hot coals
tunu kapekape cook directly on a fire, as fish, birds; barbecue
Rotuman fun- to cook (esp. by boiling)
Mota tun to roast on embers, toast
Samoan tunu broil; boil; (of hot drink) make; to roast, to toast, to broil, to fry, to boil
Futunan tunu roast over a fire (as breadfruit)
Lonwolwol tUnu to light, set fire to
Fijian tunu warm food up again
Niue tunu to boil, broil, roast (as yam over the fire)
Tongan tunu cook over an open fire, to roast, grill or toast; roasted, grilled, toasted; roasting, etc.; what is roasted or being roasted, etc.; fire for roasting, etc.
Rarotongan tunu to cook as in cooking food; to boil, as in boiling a kettle of water; to roast or bake
tunu paka to roast on fire embers
Maori tunu to roast, to broil; inspire with fear
Wuvulu unu cook, roast
unu-m-ia cook it!, roast it!
Tolai tun to burn, cook, roast, broil; burn down the grass on a new plantation

PAN C<in>uNuh be roasted (by someone)

Form.
Paiwan ts-in-ulʸu be burnt, slaughtered

PMP t<in>unuh be roasted (by someone)

WMP
Isneg s-in-úno roasted
Itawis s-in-únu roasted, that which is to be roasted
Ilokano t-in-úno broiled or roasted meat, fish, etc., toasted bread, etc. It is stuck on a piece of bamboo or wire and held over live coals
Palauan dəlúl broiled; roasted; sunburned
Sangir ni-tunu be singed by someone
Old Javanese t-in-unu be burned, burned up, burned down, set fire to, be put in the fire, heated; cremated

PAN C<um>uNuh to roast (intr.)

Form.
Paiwan ts-m-ulʸu to roast meat; burn something or someone; kill a pig or chicken

PMP t<um>unuh to roast (intr.)

WMP
Palauan d-m-ul to broil, to roast
Tontemboan t-um-unu to roast, as corn on a fire
Old Javanese t-um-unu to burn, burn up, burn down, set fire to, put in the fire, heat; cremate

PAN CuNuh-an to roast

Form.
Paiwan tsulʸu-an heat

PAN tunuh-an to roast

WMP
Isneg tuno-án to roast
Tontemboan tunu-an that on which something is burned, the fire; place where something is burned
tu-tunu material used for burning something
i-tunu material used for burning something
Makassarese tunu-aŋ what can or will be offered in sacrifice (as a burnt offering); to sacrifice something for someone
tedoŋ tunu-aŋ buffalo fattened for sacrifice
Old Javanese tuno-n what is burnt down, burnt remains; pile, pyre
tunw-an what is burnt down, burnt remains; pile, pyre

PAN ki-CuNuh (gloss uncertain)

Form.
Paiwan ki-tsulʸu burn oneself; join in a sacrificial feast

PAN ki-tunuh (gloss uncertain)

WMP
Palauan kə-dúl burn each other

PAN ma-CuNuh roasted

Form.
Paiwan ma-tsulʸu to be hot

PAN ma-tunuh roasted

WMP
Itawis ma-túnu that which is to be roasted
Tontemboan me-tunu to burn, bake, roast
Tae' ma-tunu cooked thoroughly, well-cooked
Buginese ma-tunu cooked well
Old Javanese ma-tunw-a-tunw-an to set everything on fire
SHWNG
Irarutu ma-tun to fry

PMP ma-nunuh to roast

WMP
Isneg ma-núno to roast
Palauan mə-lúl to broil, roast; get oneself sunburned
mə-lúl a ʔaus make lime from coral
mə-lúl a ʔad cremate
Kelabit nunuh to burn, to roast
Sangir ma-nunu scorch, singe; burn, pour hot water over a pig to facilitate scraping off the bristles
Nias ma-nunu light, kindle, ignite; roast in a fire; burn; to shoot, fire a weapon
Gorontalo mo-lulu roast in hot ashes (as cassava)
Murik nunuʔ to roast over a fire, as meat
Balinese nunu roast on a fire, bake on glowing coals; cremate
SHWNG
Serui-Laut nunu to cook

PWMP maR-tunuh to roast

WMP
Isneg mag-túno to roast
Itawis mat-túnu to roast
Mandar mat-tunu to ignite, light (as a lamp); to roast (as a fish)
Buginese mat-tunu to roast (as fish)
Malagasy mi-tóno to roast

PPh tunuh-en be roasted (by someone)

WMP
Ilokano tuno-én to roast, to broil, to toast; to singe, to scorch, to sear
Gorontalo tulu-wolo roasted, as cassava in hot ashes

POC tunu tunu roast food over a fire

OC
Nukuoro dunu-dunu cook, heat up, boil (water)
Kapingamarangi dunu-dunu cook over an open fire, boil
Titan tunu-tun to burn
Tanga tun-tun hot (water, weather)
Label tun-tun to cook, to burn
Gitua tun-tun hot
Cheke Holo tu-tunu make small fires in a garden area to remove the debris which has been cut down to clear the ground
Nggela tunu-tunu dot, spot, blot
tunu-tunu-ga spots all over; brand with fire, touch or prick with burning brand
tu-tunu branding
Sa'a u-unu-unu burn in the fire, roast flesh on the embers; raise cicatrices on the body by burning
u-unu-hi to burn
u-unu-unu young men's game played on sand, two sides each with its oven; the game is to wrest one of the opposite side and put him into the oven
u-unu burn in the fire, roast flesh on the embers; raise cicatrices on the body by burning
Motu tunu-tunu bake pottery (collective)
Mota tun-tun a roasted, toasted yam
tu-tun hot; dear (as a friend)
Fijian tunu-tunu hot
Maori tunu-tunu to roast; faint-hearted, afraid