Form. | ||
Bunun | duli | thorn |
Bunun (Isbukun) | duɬiʔ | thorn |
Bunun | duɬiʔ | thorn |
Paiwan | djui | thorn |
WMP | ||
Jarai | drəy | thorn |
Hanunóo | dúgi | thorn, spike |
Kalamian Tagbanwa | duli | bone |
Agutaynen | doli | bone |
Palawan Batak | dugí | thorn |
Binukid | dugi-en | full of thorns |
dugi | thorn, sliver (which has pricked the skin); to prick, cut, pierce the skin with a thorn or any sharp instrument; to get a sliver in the skin | |
Subanen/Subanun | dugi | thorn; fish bone |
Manobo (Western Bukidnon) | duɣi | thorn; of a thorn, to pierce something |
Klata | dulya | thorn |
Yakan | luhi-an | thorny |
luhi | thorn (growing on a plant) | |
Tombonuwo | ruwi | thorn |
Minokok | rugiʔ | thorn |
Sangil | duri | bone |
Kiput | durəy | thorn |
Berawan (Long Terawan) | dukkih | thorn |
Acehnese | duroe | thorn, spike |
Bintulu | ruəy | thorn |
Sangir | duhi | fish bone |
talen-duhi | remove bones from a fish | |
Melanau (Mukah) | duəy | thorn |
Toba Batak | bulu duri | kind of bamboo with sharp spikes, used to protect the villages |
duri | thorn, spike, sharp edge | |
Karo Batak | duri | thorn, spike, splinter; fish bone |
Iban | duriʔ | thorn, spike; small spined shrimp |
Malay | duri | thorn (standing out at right angles); erect sting of fish; quill of porcupine (cf. onak ‘recurving thorn’, sonak ‘recurving sting of sting-ray’) |
Tonsea | dui | bone |
Totoli | lui | thorn |
Tonsawang | duhi | bone |
Mongondow | dugi | thorn |
Balaesang | rui | thorn |
Petapa Taje | rui | thorn |
Mentawai | rui | thorn |
Ngaju Dayak | duhi | thorn (of tree or plant) |
Bare'e | rui | thorn, spike; kind of rattan with sharp thorns, the leaves of which are used as roof thatch |
Mori Atas | rui | thorn |
Tae' | duri | thorn, spike |
pa-duri-duri | thorny, spiky | |
Buginese | duri | thorn |
Enggano | e-du-dui | thorn |
e-du-dui | thorn, spike | |
Old Javanese | rwi ~ ri | thorn, thorny plant |
Javanese | ri ~ eri | thorn; backbone of a fish; counting unit for fish |
pa-ŋe-ri-n | thorny place | |
ŋe-ri | resembling a fish bone | |
Sasak | be-duri | thorny |
duri | thorn | |
Proto-Bungku-Tolaki | rui | thorn |
Bikol | dúgi | fish bone, spine of a fish |
Malagasy | rui | a generic name for prickly shrubs |
Bikol | maka-dúgi | get a fishbone caught in the throat |
CMP | ||
Nuaulu | uni | thorn |
Manusela | huni | thorn |
Batu Merah | luli-va | bone |
Masiwang | lui-n | bone |
Hitu | luli | bone |
Saparua | ruri | bone |
Asilulu | luli- | bone; thorn, fish bones; sew by hand, string together |
luli-elak | backbone | |
Kei | luri-n | bone; fish bone |
West Damar | rur-rur-sa | thorn |
East Damar | ruri- | thorn |
Roma | rur-ni | bone |
Tugun | ruri-n | thorn; bone |
Erai | ruri | bone |
Talur | ai-rui-n | thorn |
Luang | ruri | bone |
Kédang | luri-n | bone |
Waima'a | rui | bone |
Tetun (Dili) | rui-n | bone |
Tetun | rui-n | bone |
kotuk rui-n | backbone, spine | |
rui-n | bone, bones of the skeleton | |
ikan rui-n | fish bones | |
Waiyewa | rui | bone |
Lamboya | ri | bone |
Atoni | nui | bone |
Hawu | rui | bone, bony |
Rotinese | dui | bone; fish bone |
Dhao/Ndao | rui | bone |
Wetan | ruri | thorn, bone, leaf-rib |
Morella | luli | bone |
Wakasihu | lule | thorn |
WMP | ||
Tau’t Batu | dugyan | durian, Durio graveolens Becc. |
Gayō | durin | durian, Duria zinetinus |
Kiput | ləcin | durian |
Berawan (Long Terawan) | kəjin | durian |
Kenyah (Long Anap) | dian | durian |
Kenyah | dian | durian |
Lahanan | lian | durian |
Karo Batak | buah durin | durian |
Iban | durian | trees, Durio spp (Malvaceae), with large spiky fruit |
Malay | durian | thorny fruit (see ); specifically, the durian (Durio zibethinus) … but extended to the soursop, Anona muricata, the wild Durio malaccensis that yields a spiky edible fruit, etc. |
Bukat | dujan | durian |
Kayan | dian | durian |
Kapuas | duhian | durian |
Taboyan | duyan | durian |
Ma'anyan | ruyan | durian |
Murik | lian | durian |
Palawano | dugian | durian: Durio zibethinus |
Punan Kelai | lehjin | durian |
Also Tagalog duryan, Mapun duyan, Binukid, Manobo (Western Bukidnon), Mansaka dolyan ‘the durian tree and fruit, Durio zibethinus Murr.’, Maranao dorian ‘durian tree: Durio zibethinus Murr.’, dorian a amoʔ ‘soursop: Annona muricata muricata L.’, Tiruray duriyan, Tausug dūyan, Yakan duwiʔan, Javanese durèn, Balinese duryan ~ durén, Sasak durian ~ durén, Balaesang, Totoli durian, Dampelas duhian, Taje ruriaŋ, Uma duri, Bare'e oria, Wolio duria, Tae' durian, Mandar, Buginese, Makassarese duriaŋ ‘durian tree and fruit’.
From *duRi ‘thorn’ + -an. Malay durian does not show the expected neutralization of prepenultimate vowels as schwa, possibly because this form was still perceived as bimorphemic. A number of reflexes in the Philippines and Sulawesi are best explained as Malay loans, but this is impossible for Tau’t Batu (Palawan) dugyan, and for such obviously native forms as Berawan (Long Terawan) kəjin, and Kiput ləcin, which show highly distinctive phonological developments. The distributional evidence for this form suggests that the durian was first encountered by AN speakers in Palawan or Borneo and at a later date was carried south and east by Malay traders.