ACD - Austronesian Comparative Dictionary Online

*beRas rice between harvesting and cooking; husked rice

PAN beRas rice between harvesting and cooking; husked rice ⇫ ¶

Form.
Trobiawan	vulats	rice
Kavalan	beRas	rice that has been harvested but not yet cooked
Atayal	buax	hulled, uncooked cereal; grains (of rice or millet)
Kanakanabu	və'əra	husked rice
Saaroa	ə-vəraə	husked rice
Tsou	fərsə	husked rice
Amis	felac	milled rice grain
Rukai	bəʔásə	husked rice
	bósə	husked rice
Puyuma (Tamalakaw)	veRas	husked rice
Puyuma	veRas	husked rice
Paiwan	vat	seed, kernel, grain; testicles

PMP beRas rice between harvesting and cooking; husked rice ⇫ ¶

WMP
Tsat	phia¹¹	husked rice
Isneg	baggāt udān	hail (lit. substance of rain)
	baggāt	rice (when pounded or unhusked); seed, kernel, fruit; tuber, rhizome, bulb, corn; substance, contents
Itawis	bággat	husked rice, milled corn
Bontok	bəgás	fruit; seed; the fleshy part of fruit; meat, as distinct from bone or fat; bear fruit, especially of rice, when the grain is ripe, but also of other crops, as beans, as well as fruit-bearing trees
Ifugaw	boga	pounded rice; may also be used figuratively in the sense of what is most significant, as the decorticated grains are the only important products of rice plants
	bogah	to develop rice grains, of growing rice, of a pond field; become full, enlarged, of growing rice grains, of the bile of a chicken or pig. An enlarged bile is a good omen if the chicken or pig is being sacrificed for something such as for stored rice to increase in amount, but bad for something as for a sickness
Kankanaey	begás	rice, pounded rice; fruit
Ifugaw (Batad)	bogah	to develop rice grains, of growing rice, of a pond field; become full, enlarged, of growing rice grains, of the bile of a chicken or pig. An enlarged bile is a good omen if the chicken or pig is being sacrificed for something such as for stored rice to increase in amount, but bad for something as for a sickness
Yogad	beggat	husked rice
Casiguran Dumagat	begés	husked rice, hulled grains of rice
Pangasinan	belás	polished rice; to polish, mill rice
Kapampangan	abyás	milled rice
Umiray Dumaget	biges	husked rice
Tagalog	bigás	hulled grains of cereal, especially rice
Jarai	braih	husked rice
Chamorro	pugas	uncooked rice
Rhade	braih	husked rice
Hanunóo	bugás	husked rice
Aklanon	bugás	uncooked, polished rice
Hiligaynon	bugás	unhusked rice grains
Moken	bela	milled rice
Palawan Batak	bəgás	husked rice
Cebuano	bugás	husked rice or corn; to husk rice or corn
Binukid	begas	husked rice
Maranao	begas	cooked rice, starch
Manobo (Western Bukidnon)	beɣas	pounded rice; fruit or seed; make pounded rice from unhusked rice; of a plant or tree, to fruit
Klata	ballas	husked rice
Mansaka	bugas	husked rice
Gana	bagas	husked rice
Supan	bəgkas	husked rice
Murut (Tagol)	vahas	rice (uncooked)
Dali'	bəre	husked rice
Tabun	bəra	husked rice
Berawan (Long Terawan)	bekeh	husked rice
Acehnese	breuëh	husked rice
Bintulu	vas	husked rice
Kayan (Long Atip)	bahah	husked rice
Kelabit	bera	husked rice
Sangir	malum-bihasəʔ	full and round, as good rice grains
Bulungan	bəras	uncooked rice
Dairi-Pakpak Batak	em-beras	increase in number, of cattle
	beras	fruit, especially husked rice
Simalur	bərae	husked rice
Toba Batak	boras ni laŋit	hail
	boras	rice
Karo Batak	beras	in general: rice that has already been husked. Also the pit or hard part of a fruit; fig. the milk teeth of a child; also, the testicles
Iban	beras	rice husked or milled but uncooked
Seru	bas	husked rice
Maloh	baras	hulled rice
Bukat	baha	husked rice
Kaidipang	bugoso	husked rice
Mongondow	bogat	husked rice, milled rice
Kayan	bahah	husked rice
Dusun Witu	veah	husked rice
Ngaju Dayak	behas	rice that has been husked by pounding (also applied to other grains or fruits with a husk)
Bare'e	wea	husked rice
Paku	wiah	husked rice
Mori Atas	vea	husked rice
Tae'	barraʔ	husked rice
Rejang	blas	rice (husked but uncooked)
Mandar	paʔ-barras-aŋ	place to store husked rice
	barras	husked rice
Buginese	wereʔ	husked rice
Makassarese	am-barrasaʔ	appear in large numbers all at once (of pimples, pock marks); having kernels that are already visible in the husk (of corn; if the kernels are somewhat larger they are referred to as )
Lampung	bias	rice (hulled)
Sundanese	beas	husked rice
Old Javanese	weas	husked rice (unboiled)
Javanese	wos	raw rice; essence, contents
Balinese	bahas	grain, i.e. rice; the uncooked seeds
Sasak	beras	husked rice
Proto-Sangiric	biRas	husked rice
Bikol	bagás	husked or milled rice, referring to the uncooked rice one generally buys, and then later cooks
CMP
Manggarai	weras	seed, grain; contents, contain; wealth, wealthy
Tetun	fos	uncooked dehusked rice
	sos fos	polished rice
	batar fos	dehusked maize

PAN beRas-an container in which rice is stored ⇫ ¶

Form.
Amis	pi-flac-an	a basket for rice that has been milled
WMP
Casiguran Dumagat	begis-an	pour rice into a kettle
Tagalog	bígas-an	rice mill, rice huller
Cebuano	bugás-an	container for husked rice or corn; rice or corn mill

PWMP beRas-en to husk rice; be afflicted with pimples on the skin resembling rice grains ⇫ ¶

WMP
Casiguran Dumagat	begis-en	to husk rice
Cebuano	bugás	pimple, cyst (as on the skin of a pig)
	bugas-ún	pimply
Tae'	barras-an	have small white pimples on the skin which resemble grains of husked rice
	bai barras-an	a pig with this type of skin affliction

PPh b<in>eRas pounded rice ⇫ ¶

WMP
Bontok	b<in>gas-an	pounded rice
Hanunóo	b-in-ugás	husked rice

PWMP maR-beRas bear fruit ⇫ ¶

WMP
Isneg	mag-baggāt	bear fruit
Toba Batak	mar-boras	bear fruit

Reconstructions

PAN	beRas	rice between harvesting and…
PMP	beRas	rice between harvesting and…
PAN	beRas-an	container in which rice is…
PWMP	beRas-en	to husk rice; be afflicted…
PPh	b<in>eRas	pounded rice
PWMP	maR-beRas	bear fruit

Note

Also Itbayaten viiyas ‘grain’, Kankanaey begá ‘unhusked rice mixed with pounded rice’, Tiruray begas ‘polished, uncooked rice’, Melanau (Mukah) beras ‘husked rice’, Iban berau ‘raw rice’, Simalur borae, forae ‘husked rice’, Nias bõra ‘pounded rice; grain’, Nias fom-bõra ‘husked rice that is mixed with the unhusked grains, not yet entirely separated (in pounding)’, Nias bõra-bõra ‘pock marks’, Mentawai bära ‘rice (loanword, since rice was not traditionally grown on Mentawai)’, Javanese beras ‘husked raw rice’, Balinese beras ‘rice, grain’, Mongondow bogas ‘husked rice, milled rice’, Makassarese beberasaʔ ‘husked rice’, Palauan beras ‘rice’ (presumably a Malay loanword, although the circumstances of borrowing remain unclear), Soboyo bira ‘rice (there is no native word for rice)’, Woleaian peraas(i) ‘rice’ (Malay loan)’.

Dempwolff (1934-38) reconstructed *beRas ‘husked rice’. Although the great majority of reflexes specify ‘husked rice’ as the referent of this term, a few give ‘unhusked rice’ (Itbayaten, Hiligaynon). This difference probably is more apparent than real, given the potential ambiguity in the English term ‘unhusked’ (1. negative of ‘husked’, 2. past of ‘unhusk’). What is clear is that *beRas referred to rice that has been harvested but not yet cooked, evidently without respect to whether it has been pounded to remove the husk. However, since harvested rice would remain unhusked for a very short time prior to storage, and would remain in storage prior to cooking for a considerably longer period, it is reasonable to suppose that the more common referent of *beRas would be rice in the latter state.

Reflexes in several widely separated WMP languages support the reconstruction of additional meanings, including (1) ‘fruit; fruitful’ (Isneg, Bontok, Manobo (Western Bukidnon), Karo Batak, Toba Batak, Dairi-Pakpak Batak), (2) ‘seed, pit’ (Bontok, Karo Batak, Manggarai), (3) ‘pimples that resemble rice grains’ -- a term that apparently referred to an affliction of pigs (Cebuano, Nias, Tae', Makassarese), (4) ‘hail’ (Isneg, Toba Batak), and probably (5) ‘testicles’ (Karo Batak, and Hanunóo búgas ‘scrotum’ next to bugás ‘husked rice’, with accent shift to distinguish meanings that originated as one, but subsequently required separation). Meanings (1) and (5) probably were connected, and involved figurative language.