The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

*pa-₂ causative prefix

PAN pa-₂ causative prefix

Form.
Kavalan pa- causative prefix
Saisiyat pa- causative prefix
Atayal p- causative prefix
Thao pa- causative of dynamic verbs
Pazeh pa- causative prefix
Amis pa- causative prefix
Rukai pa- causative prefix
Puyuma pa- causative prefix
Paiwan pa- causative prefix
WMP
Itbayaten pa- causative prefix
Ibatan pa- causative prefix
Agta (Central Cagayan) pa- causative prefix
Bontok pa- causative prefix
Ifugaw pa- causative prefix
Ifugaw (Batad) pa- causative prefix
Pangasinan pa- causative prefix
Ilokano pa- causative prefix
Kapampangan pa- causative prefix
Tagalog pa- causative prefix
Romblomanon pa- causative prefix
Masbatenyo pa- causative prefix
Tboli h- ~ he- causative prefix
Aklanon pa- causative prefix
Hiligaynon pa- causative prefix
Cebuano pa- causative prefix
Binukid pa- causative prefix
Maranao pa-ki- causative prefix
pa-ka- causative prefix
Mansaka pa- causative prefix
Mapun pa- instransitive causative motion within oneself, transition, or change of state becoming
Kadazan Dusun po- ~ popo- causative prefix
Ida'an Begak pə- dependent causative
Kenyah pa- causative prefix
Toba Batak pa- causative prefix
Toratán pa- causative prefix
Banggai a- causative prefix
Wolio pa- causative prefix
Muna fo- causative prefix for dynamic verbs
Makassarese pa- causative prefix
Palawano pa- causative prefix
Bikol pa- causative prefix
CMP
Tetun ha- causative prefix (said to be a contraction of ‘do, make’, but his may be a historically secondary rationalization)
ha- causative prefix
Kambera pa- causative prefix
SHWNG
Buli fa- causative prefix
Taba ha- causative prefix
OC
Lusi pa- causative prefix
Zabana va- causative

PWMP p<in>a- caused (something to happen)

WMP
Ibatan p<in>a- causative (perfective)
Ida'an Begak nə- -i- causative (completive)
Bintulu p<in>a- causative (perfective)

PAN pa-ka- causative of stative verbs

Form.
Pazeh paka- causative prefix
Amis paka- causative prefix
Paiwan paka- causative prefix
WMP
Ilokano paka- nominalizing instrumental affix for potentive verbs ( ‘able to write’ : ‘something with which one is able to write’)
Chamorro faha- causative/multiplicative prefix with numeral bases
Cebuano paka- derivational verb-forming prefix; with durative active affixes, verbs with mean ‘pretend to be, act like so-and-so’, and with the direct passive affixes they mean ‘consider as so-and-so’, or ‘treat like so-and-so’
Maranao paka- causative of object voice
Yakan paka- causative affix in transitive or antipassive clauses
Toratán pa-ka- ‘exhaustive’ causative of stative verbs
Kayan pək- causative prefix
Muna feka- causative prefix with stative verbs
Makassarese paka- prefix for adjectives or stative verbs
Malagasy faha- causative/multiplicative prefix with numeral bases
CMP
Tetun hak- causative prefix to verbs (also forms verbal nouns and adjectives)

POC paka- causative prefix

OC
Hawaiian hoɁo- a very active former of causative/simulative derivatives, including 1. causation and transitivization ( ‘correct’ ‘to correct’), 2. pretense ( ‘deaf’ : ‘to feign deafness’), 3. simillarity ( ‘children’ : ‘childish’), 4. no meaning ( ‘to hurry’, ‘to hurry’), 5. unpredictable ( ‘good’ : ‘to congratulate’)
Nukuoro haga- causative prefix, cause to be, become, have, know ( ‘dead’ : ‘do as hard or fast as possible’, ‘to cry’ : ‘to play a musical instrument’)
Kapingamarangi haga- causative prefix: cause to; cause to have; provide a; allow to; teach how to; install as ( ‘to die’ : ‘to kill’, ‘to cry’ : ‘to make someone cry’
Toqabaqita faɁa- usually derives causative verbs ( ‘die; dead’ : ‘administer anaesthetic to, put to sleep with anaesthetic’)
Lau faka- causative prefix, rarely found
fā- causative prefix which also makes transitive verbs from intransitive verbs, adjectives and nouns ( ‘to hear’ : ‘to tell’; ‘fear’ : ‘loathsome’; ‘to sing’ : ‘teach to sing’)
Tuvaluan faka- causative prefix with a range of meanings: 1. cause an action to occur or a state to result ( ‘learn’ : ‘teach’, ‘sleep’ : ‘put to sleep’), 2. to act a role ( ‘mother’ : ‘parent’s sister’, ‘European’ ‘act like a European’), cause to be like ( ‘turtle’ : ‘heap up food in the shape of a turtle’), 4. before statives to form transitive verbs ( ‘pierce’ : ‘pierced’, ‘pierce a nut for drinking’)
Anuta paka- causative prefix ( ‘die’ : ‘commit suicide’, ‘to cry, to moan’ : ‘to blow a conch shell or other type of whistle, horn, etc.’)
Rennellese haka- causative prefix (meanings are usually causative or transitive, but sometimes similitude)
Samoan faɁa- multifunctional prefix indicating, among other things, causation; faɁa-sāmoa ‘do things in the Samoan way’
Fijian vaka- prefix; added to verbs it usually makes causatives; added to nouns it makes adjectives or adverbs ( ‘man’, ‘human; like a human being); added to adjectives it makes adverbs ( ‘good’, ‘well’); added to nouns it may indicate possession ( ‘house’ ‘having a house’); added to some intransitive verbs it makes intensives, frequentatives or continuatives
Niue faka- a very common prefix, usually causative, but with other meanings
Tongan faka- prefix denoting likeness, causation (causing or allowing to), supplying, having, etc. ( ‘die; dead’ : ‘causing death; deadly, poison, fatal’, ‘to cry’ : ‘having a doleful sound, sounding like a lament; to appeal to someone after one’s request has been rejected by someone else’)
Rarotongan aka- a causative prefix; to make to, to cause something to be done; by the addition of the prefix many nouns, adjectives and neuter verbs become active verbs
Maori whaka- causative prefix; combined with an intransitive verb, an adjective or participle to form an intransitive verb, it signifies a beginning of, or approach to, the action or condition indicated; combined with a noun to form an intransitive verb, it signifies the assumption of the character or form expressed by the noun; as a strict causative it may combine with a verb, adjective, participle, or noun to form a transitive verb